450 lines
14 KiB
Rust

use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use std::io;
use std::sync::Arc;
use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
use image::codecs::gif::GifDecoder;
use image::codecs::jpeg::JpegDecoder;
use image::codecs::png::PngDecoder;
use image::{
guess_format, DynamicImage, ImageBuffer, ImageDecoder, ImageResult, Limits, Pixel,
};
use crate::diag::{bail, StrResult};
use crate::foundations::{cast, dict, Bytes, Cast, Dict, Smart, Value};
/// A decoded raster image.
#[derive(Clone, Hash)]
pub struct RasterImage(Arc<Repr>);
/// The internal representation.
struct Repr {
data: Bytes,
format: RasterFormat,
dynamic: image::DynamicImage,
icc: Option<Bytes>,
dpi: Option<f64>,
}
impl RasterImage {
/// Decode a raster image.
pub fn new(
data: Bytes,
format: impl Into<RasterFormat>,
icc: Smart<Bytes>,
) -> StrResult<Self> {
Self::new_impl(data, format.into(), icc)
}
/// Create a raster image with optional properties set to the default.
pub fn plain(data: Bytes, format: impl Into<RasterFormat>) -> StrResult<Self> {
Self::new(data, format, Smart::Auto)
}
/// The internal, non-generic implementation.
#[comemo::memoize]
#[typst_macros::time(name = "load raster image")]
fn new_impl(
data: Bytes,
format: RasterFormat,
icc: Smart<Bytes>,
) -> StrResult<RasterImage> {
let (dynamic, icc, dpi) = match format {
RasterFormat::Exchange(format) => {
fn decode<T: ImageDecoder>(
decoder: ImageResult<T>,
icc: Smart<Bytes>,
) -> ImageResult<(image::DynamicImage, Option<Bytes>)> {
let mut decoder = decoder?;
let icc = icc.custom().or_else(|| {
decoder
.icc_profile()
.ok()
.flatten()
.filter(|icc| !icc.is_empty())
.map(Bytes::new)
});
decoder.set_limits(Limits::default())?;
let dynamic = image::DynamicImage::from_decoder(decoder)?;
Ok((dynamic, icc))
}
let cursor = io::Cursor::new(&data);
let (mut dynamic, icc) = match format {
ExchangeFormat::Jpg => decode(JpegDecoder::new(cursor), icc),
ExchangeFormat::Png => decode(PngDecoder::new(cursor), icc),
ExchangeFormat::Gif => decode(GifDecoder::new(cursor), icc),
}
.map_err(format_image_error)?;
let exif = exif::Reader::new()
.read_from_container(&mut std::io::Cursor::new(&data))
.ok();
// Apply rotation from EXIF metadata.
if let Some(rotation) = exif.as_ref().and_then(exif_rotation) {
apply_rotation(&mut dynamic, rotation);
}
// Extract pixel density.
let dpi = determine_dpi(&data, exif.as_ref());
(dynamic, icc, dpi)
}
RasterFormat::Pixel(format) => {
if format.width == 0 || format.height == 0 {
bail!("zero-sized images are not allowed");
}
let channels = match format.encoding {
PixelEncoding::Rgb8 => 3,
PixelEncoding::Rgba8 => 4,
PixelEncoding::Luma8 => 1,
PixelEncoding::Lumaa8 => 2,
};
let Some(expected_size) = format
.width
.checked_mul(format.height)
.and_then(|size| size.checked_mul(channels))
else {
bail!("pixel dimensions are too large");
};
if expected_size as usize != data.len() {
bail!("pixel dimensions and pixel data do not match");
}
fn to<P: Pixel<Subpixel = u8>>(
data: &Bytes,
format: PixelFormat,
) -> ImageBuffer<P, Vec<u8>> {
ImageBuffer::from_raw(format.width, format.height, data.to_vec())
.unwrap()
}
let dynamic = match format.encoding {
PixelEncoding::Rgb8 => to::<image::Rgb<u8>>(&data, format).into(),
PixelEncoding::Rgba8 => to::<image::Rgba<u8>>(&data, format).into(),
PixelEncoding::Luma8 => to::<image::Luma<u8>>(&data, format).into(),
PixelEncoding::Lumaa8 => to::<image::LumaA<u8>>(&data, format).into(),
};
(dynamic, icc.custom(), None)
}
};
Ok(Self(Arc::new(Repr { data, format, dynamic, icc, dpi })))
}
/// The raw image data.
pub fn data(&self) -> &Bytes {
&self.0.data
}
/// The image's format.
pub fn format(&self) -> RasterFormat {
self.0.format
}
/// The image's pixel width.
pub fn width(&self) -> u32 {
self.dynamic().width()
}
/// The image's pixel height.
pub fn height(&self) -> u32 {
self.dynamic().height()
}
/// The image's pixel density in pixels per inch, if known.
///
/// This is guaranteed to be positive.
pub fn dpi(&self) -> Option<f64> {
self.0.dpi
}
/// Access the underlying dynamic image.
pub fn dynamic(&self) -> &image::DynamicImage {
&self.0.dynamic
}
/// Access the ICC profile, if any.
pub fn icc(&self) -> Option<&Bytes> {
self.0.icc.as_ref()
}
}
impl Hash for Repr {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
// The image is fully defined by data, format, and ICC profile.
self.data.hash(state);
self.format.hash(state);
self.icc.hash(state);
}
}
/// A raster graphics format.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
pub enum RasterFormat {
/// A format typically used in image exchange.
Exchange(ExchangeFormat),
/// A format of raw pixel data.
Pixel(PixelFormat),
}
impl From<ExchangeFormat> for RasterFormat {
fn from(format: ExchangeFormat) -> Self {
Self::Exchange(format)
}
}
impl From<PixelFormat> for RasterFormat {
fn from(format: PixelFormat) -> Self {
Self::Pixel(format)
}
}
cast! {
RasterFormat,
self => match self {
Self::Exchange(v) => v.into_value(),
Self::Pixel(v) => v.into_value(),
},
v: ExchangeFormat => Self::Exchange(v),
v: PixelFormat => Self::Pixel(v),
}
/// A raster format typically used in image exchange, with efficient encoding.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Cast)]
pub enum ExchangeFormat {
/// Raster format for illustrations and transparent graphics.
Png,
/// Lossy raster format suitable for photos.
Jpg,
/// Raster format that is typically used for short animated clips. Typst can
/// load GIFs, but they will become static.
Gif,
}
impl ExchangeFormat {
/// Try to detect the format of data in a buffer.
pub fn detect(data: &[u8]) -> Option<Self> {
guess_format(data).ok().and_then(|format| format.try_into().ok())
}
}
impl From<ExchangeFormat> for image::ImageFormat {
fn from(format: ExchangeFormat) -> Self {
match format {
ExchangeFormat::Png => image::ImageFormat::Png,
ExchangeFormat::Jpg => image::ImageFormat::Jpeg,
ExchangeFormat::Gif => image::ImageFormat::Gif,
}
}
}
impl TryFrom<image::ImageFormat> for ExchangeFormat {
type Error = EcoString;
fn try_from(format: image::ImageFormat) -> StrResult<Self> {
Ok(match format {
image::ImageFormat::Png => ExchangeFormat::Png,
image::ImageFormat::Jpeg => ExchangeFormat::Jpg,
image::ImageFormat::Gif => ExchangeFormat::Gif,
_ => bail!("format not yet supported"),
})
}
}
/// Information that is needed to understand a pixmap buffer.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
pub struct PixelFormat {
/// The channel encoding.
encoding: PixelEncoding,
/// The pixel width.
width: u32,
/// The pixel height.
height: u32,
}
/// Determines the channel encoding of raw pixel data.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Cast)]
pub enum PixelEncoding {
/// Three 8-bit channels: Red, green, blue.
Rgb8,
/// Four 8-bit channels: Red, green, blue, alpha.
Rgba8,
/// One 8-bit channel.
Luma8,
/// Two 8-bit channels: Luma and alpha.
Lumaa8,
}
cast! {
PixelFormat,
self => Value::Dict(self.into()),
mut dict: Dict => {
let format = Self {
encoding: dict.take("encoding")?.cast()?,
width: dict.take("width")?.cast()?,
height: dict.take("height")?.cast()?,
};
dict.finish(&["encoding", "width", "height"])?;
format
}
}
impl From<PixelFormat> for Dict {
fn from(format: PixelFormat) -> Self {
dict! {
"encoding" => format.encoding,
"width" => format.width,
"height" => format.height,
}
}
}
/// Try to get the rotation from the EXIF metadata.
fn exif_rotation(exif: &exif::Exif) -> Option<u32> {
exif.get_field(exif::Tag::Orientation, exif::In::PRIMARY)?
.value
.get_uint(0)
}
/// Apply an EXIF rotation to a dynamic image.
fn apply_rotation(image: &mut DynamicImage, rotation: u32) {
use image::imageops as ops;
match rotation {
2 => ops::flip_horizontal_in_place(image),
3 => ops::rotate180_in_place(image),
4 => ops::flip_vertical_in_place(image),
5 => {
ops::flip_horizontal_in_place(image);
*image = image.rotate270();
}
6 => *image = image.rotate90(),
7 => {
ops::flip_horizontal_in_place(image);
*image = image.rotate90();
}
8 => *image = image.rotate270(),
_ => {}
}
}
/// Try to determine the DPI (dots per inch) of the image.
///
/// This is guaranteed to be a positive value, or `None` if invalid or
/// unspecified.
fn determine_dpi(data: &[u8], exif: Option<&exif::Exif>) -> Option<f64> {
// Try to extract the DPI from the EXIF metadata. If that doesn't yield
// anything, fall back to specialized procedures for extracting JPEG or PNG
// DPI metadata. GIF does not have any.
exif.and_then(exif_dpi)
.or_else(|| jpeg_dpi(data))
.or_else(|| png_dpi(data))
.filter(|&dpi| dpi > 0.0)
}
/// Try to get the DPI from the EXIF metadata.
fn exif_dpi(exif: &exif::Exif) -> Option<f64> {
let axis = |tag| {
let dpi = exif.get_field(tag, exif::In::PRIMARY)?;
let exif::Value::Rational(rational) = &dpi.value else { return None };
Some(rational.first()?.to_f64())
};
[axis(exif::Tag::XResolution), axis(exif::Tag::YResolution)]
.into_iter()
.flatten()
.max_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal))
}
/// Tries to extract the DPI from raw JPEG data (by inspecting the JFIF APP0
/// section).
fn jpeg_dpi(data: &[u8]) -> Option<f64> {
let validate_at = |index: usize, expect: &[u8]| -> Option<()> {
data.get(index..)?.starts_with(expect).then_some(())
};
let u16_at = |index: usize| -> Option<u16> {
data.get(index..index + 2)?.try_into().ok().map(u16::from_be_bytes)
};
validate_at(0, b"\xFF\xD8\xFF\xE0\0")?;
validate_at(6, b"JFIF\0")?;
validate_at(11, b"\x01")?;
let len = u16_at(4)?;
if len < 16 {
return None;
}
let units = *data.get(13)?;
let x = u16_at(14)?;
let y = u16_at(16)?;
let dpu = x.max(y) as f64;
Some(match units {
1 => dpu, // already inches
2 => dpu * 2.54, // cm -> inches
_ => return None,
})
}
/// Tries to extract the DPI from raw PNG data.
fn png_dpi(mut data: &[u8]) -> Option<f64> {
let mut decoder = png::StreamingDecoder::new();
let dims = loop {
let (consumed, event) = decoder.update(data, &mut Vec::new()).ok()?;
match event {
png::Decoded::PixelDimensions(dims) => break dims,
// Bail as soon as there is anything data-like.
png::Decoded::ChunkBegin(_, png::chunk::IDAT)
| png::Decoded::ImageData
| png::Decoded::ImageEnd => return None,
_ => {}
}
data = data.get(consumed..)?;
if consumed == 0 {
return None;
}
};
let dpu = dims.xppu.max(dims.yppu) as f64;
match dims.unit {
png::Unit::Meter => Some(dpu * 0.0254), // meter -> inches
png::Unit::Unspecified => None,
}
}
/// Format the user-facing raster graphic decoding error message.
fn format_image_error(error: image::ImageError) -> EcoString {
match error {
image::ImageError::Limits(_) => "file is too large".into(),
err => eco_format!("failed to decode image ({err})"),
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_image_dpi() {
#[track_caller]
fn test(path: &str, format: ExchangeFormat, dpi: f64) {
let data = typst_dev_assets::get(path).unwrap();
let bytes = Bytes::new(data);
let image = RasterImage::plain(bytes, format).unwrap();
assert_eq!(image.dpi().map(f64::round), Some(dpi));
}
test("images/f2t.jpg", ExchangeFormat::Jpg, 220.0);
test("images/tiger.jpg", ExchangeFormat::Jpg, 72.0);
test("images/graph.png", ExchangeFormat::Png, 144.0);
}
}