use std::any::TypeId;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::fmt::{self, Debug};
use std::hash::Hash;
use std::ptr::NonNull;
use std::sync::LazyLock;

use ecow::EcoString;
use smallvec::SmallVec;
#[doc(inline)]
pub use typst_macros::elem;
use typst_utils::Static;

use crate::diag::SourceResult;
use crate::engine::Engine;
use crate::foundations::{
    cast, Args, Content, Dict, FieldAccessError, Func, ParamInfo, Repr, Scope, Selector,
    StyleChain, Styles, Value,
};
use crate::text::{Lang, Region};

/// A document element.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
pub struct Element(Static<NativeElementData>);

impl Element {
    /// Get the element for `T`.
    pub fn of<T: NativeElement>() -> Self {
        T::elem()
    }

    /// The element's normal name (e.g. `enum`).
    pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
        self.0.name
    }

    /// The element's title case name, for use in documentation
    /// (e.g. `Numbered List`).
    pub fn title(&self) -> &'static str {
        self.0.title
    }

    /// Documentation for the element (as Markdown).
    pub fn docs(&self) -> &'static str {
        self.0.docs
    }

    /// Search keywords for the element.
    pub fn keywords(&self) -> &'static [&'static str] {
        self.0.keywords
    }

    /// Construct an instance of this element.
    pub fn construct(
        self,
        engine: &mut Engine,
        args: &mut Args,
    ) -> SourceResult<Content> {
        (self.0.construct)(engine, args)
    }

    /// Execute the set rule for the element and return the resulting style map.
    pub fn set(self, engine: &mut Engine, mut args: Args) -> SourceResult<Styles> {
        let styles = (self.0.set)(engine, &mut args)?;
        args.finish()?;
        Ok(styles)
    }

    /// Whether the element has the given capability.
    pub fn can<C>(self) -> bool
    where
        C: ?Sized + 'static,
    {
        self.can_type_id(TypeId::of::<C>())
    }

    /// Whether the element has the given capability where the capability is
    /// given by a `TypeId`.
    pub fn can_type_id(self, type_id: TypeId) -> bool {
        (self.0.vtable)(type_id).is_some()
    }

    /// The VTable for capabilities dispatch.
    pub fn vtable(self) -> fn(of: TypeId) -> Option<NonNull<()>> {
        self.0.vtable
    }

    /// Create a selector for this element.
    pub fn select(self) -> Selector {
        Selector::Elem(self, None)
    }

    /// Create a selector for this element, filtering for those that
    /// [fields](crate::foundations::Content::field) match the given argument.
    pub fn where_(self, fields: SmallVec<[(u8, Value); 1]>) -> Selector {
        Selector::Elem(self, Some(fields))
    }

    /// The element's associated scope of sub-definition.
    pub fn scope(&self) -> &'static Scope {
        &(self.0).0.scope
    }

    /// Details about the element's fields.
    pub fn params(&self) -> &'static [ParamInfo] {
        &(self.0).0.params
    }

    /// Extract the field ID for the given field name.
    pub fn field_id(&self, name: &str) -> Option<u8> {
        if name == "label" {
            return Some(255);
        }
        (self.0.field_id)(name)
    }

    /// Extract the field name for the given field ID.
    pub fn field_name(&self, id: u8) -> Option<&'static str> {
        if id == 255 {
            return Some("label");
        }
        (self.0.field_name)(id)
    }

    /// Extract the value of the field for the given field ID and style chain.
    pub fn field_from_styles(
        &self,
        id: u8,
        styles: StyleChain,
    ) -> Result<Value, FieldAccessError> {
        (self.0.field_from_styles)(id, styles)
    }

    /// The element's local name, if any.
    pub fn local_name(&self, lang: Lang, region: Option<Region>) -> Option<&'static str> {
        (self.0).0.local_name.map(|f| f(lang, region))
    }
}

impl Debug for Element {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "Element({})", self.name())
    }
}

impl Repr for Element {
    fn repr(&self) -> EcoString {
        self.name().into()
    }
}

impl Ord for Element {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
        self.name().cmp(other.name())
    }
}

impl PartialOrd for Element {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}

cast! {
    Element,
    self => Value::Func(self.into()),
    v: Func => v.element().ok_or("expected element")?,
}

/// A Typst element that is defined by a native Rust type.
pub trait NativeElement:
    Debug
    + Clone
    + PartialEq
    + Hash
    + Construct
    + Set
    + Capable
    + Fields
    + Repr
    + Send
    + Sync
    + 'static
{
    /// Get the element for the native Rust element.
    fn elem() -> Element
    where
        Self: Sized,
    {
        Element::from(Self::data())
    }

    /// Pack the element into type-erased content.
    fn pack(self) -> Content
    where
        Self: Sized,
    {
        Content::new(self)
    }

    /// Get the element data for the native Rust element.
    fn data() -> &'static NativeElementData
    where
        Self: Sized;
}

/// Used to cast an element to a trait object for a trait it implements.
///
/// # Safety
/// If the `vtable` function returns `Some(p)`, then `p` must be a valid pointer
/// to a vtable of `Packed<Self>` w.r.t to the trait `C` where `capability` is
/// `TypeId::of::<dyn C>()`.
pub unsafe trait Capable {
    /// Get the pointer to the vtable for the given capability / trait.
    fn vtable(capability: TypeId) -> Option<NonNull<()>>;
}

/// Defines how fields of an element are accessed.
pub trait Fields {
    /// An enum with the fields of the element.
    type Enum
    where
        Self: Sized;

    /// Whether the element has the given field set.
    fn has(&self, id: u8) -> bool;

    /// Get the field with the given field ID.
    fn field(&self, id: u8) -> Result<Value, FieldAccessError>;

    /// Get the field with the given ID in the presence of styles.
    fn field_with_styles(
        &self,
        id: u8,
        styles: StyleChain,
    ) -> Result<Value, FieldAccessError>;

    /// Get the field with the given ID from the styles.
    fn field_from_styles(id: u8, styles: StyleChain) -> Result<Value, FieldAccessError>
    where
        Self: Sized;

    /// Resolve all fields with the styles and save them in-place.
    fn materialize(&mut self, styles: StyleChain);

    /// Get the fields of the element.
    fn fields(&self) -> Dict;
}

/// An element's constructor function.
pub trait Construct {
    /// Construct an element from the arguments.
    ///
    /// This is passed only the arguments that remain after execution of the
    /// element's set rule.
    fn construct(engine: &mut Engine, args: &mut Args) -> SourceResult<Content>
    where
        Self: Sized;
}

/// An element's set rule.
pub trait Set {
    /// Parse relevant arguments into style properties for this element.
    fn set(engine: &mut Engine, args: &mut Args) -> SourceResult<Styles>
    where
        Self: Sized;
}

/// Defines a native element.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct NativeElementData {
    /// The element's normal name (e.g. `align`), as exposed to Typst.
    pub name: &'static str,
    /// The element's title case name (e.g. `Align`).
    pub title: &'static str,
    /// The documentation for this element as a string.
    pub docs: &'static str,
    /// A list of alternate search terms for this element.
    pub keywords: &'static [&'static str],
    /// The constructor for this element (see [`Construct`]).
    pub construct: fn(&mut Engine, &mut Args) -> SourceResult<Content>,
    /// Executes this element's set rule (see [`Set`]).
    pub set: fn(&mut Engine, &mut Args) -> SourceResult<Styles>,
    /// Gets the vtable for one of this element's capabilities
    /// (see [`Capable`]).
    pub vtable: fn(capability: TypeId) -> Option<NonNull<()>>,
    /// Gets the numeric index of this field by its name.
    pub field_id: fn(name: &str) -> Option<u8>,
    /// Gets the name of a field by its numeric index.
    pub field_name: fn(u8) -> Option<&'static str>,
    /// Get the field with the given ID in the presence of styles (see [`Fields`]).
    pub field_from_styles: fn(u8, StyleChain) -> Result<Value, FieldAccessError>,
    /// Gets the localized name for this element (see [`LocalName`][crate::text::LocalName]).
    pub local_name: Option<fn(Lang, Option<Region>) -> &'static str>,
    pub scope: LazyLock<Scope>,
    /// A list of parameter information for each field.
    pub params: LazyLock<Vec<ParamInfo>>,
}

impl From<&'static NativeElementData> for Element {
    fn from(data: &'static NativeElementData) -> Self {
        Self(Static(data))
    }
}

cast! {
    &'static NativeElementData,
    self => Element::from(self).into_value(),
}

/// Synthesize fields on an element. This happens before execution of any show
/// rule.
pub trait Synthesize {
    /// Prepare the element for show rule application.
    fn synthesize(&mut self, engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain)
        -> SourceResult<()>;
}

/// Defines a built-in show rule for an element.
pub trait Show {
    /// Execute the base recipe for this element.
    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content>;
}

/// Defines built-in show set rules for an element.
///
/// This is a bit more powerful than a user-defined show-set because it can
/// access the element's fields.
pub trait ShowSet {
    /// Finalize the fully realized form of the element. Use this for effects
    /// that should work even in the face of a user-defined show rule.
    fn show_set(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Styles;
}