use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
use std::hash::Hash;
use std::iter;
use std::marker::PhantomData;

use super::{Barrier, Content, Key, Property, Recipe, Selector, Show, Target};
use crate::diag::TypResult;
use crate::frame::Role;
use crate::library::text::{FontFamily, TextNode};
use crate::util::ReadableTypeId;
use crate::Context;

/// A map of style properties.
#[derive(Default, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
pub struct StyleMap(Vec<StyleEntry>);

impl StyleMap {
    /// Create a new, empty style map.
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    /// Whether this map contains no styles.
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.is_empty()
    }

    /// Push an arbitary style entry.
    pub fn push(&mut self, style: StyleEntry) {
        self.0.push(style);
    }

    /// Create a style map from a single property-value pair.
    pub fn with<'a, K: Key<'a>>(key: K, value: K::Value) -> Self {
        let mut styles = Self::new();
        styles.set(key, value);
        styles
    }

    /// Set an inner value for a style property.
    ///
    /// If the property needs folding and the value is already contained in the
    /// style map, `self` contributes the outer values and `value` is the inner
    /// one.
    pub fn set<'a, K: Key<'a>>(&mut self, key: K, value: K::Value) {
        self.push(StyleEntry::Property(Property::new(key, value)));
    }

    /// Set an inner value for a style property if it is `Some(_)`.
    pub fn set_opt<'a, K: Key<'a>>(&mut self, key: K, value: Option<K::Value>) {
        if let Some(value) = value {
            self.set(key, value);
        }
    }

    /// Set a font family composed of a preferred family and existing families
    /// from a style chain.
    pub fn set_family(&mut self, preferred: FontFamily, existing: StyleChain) {
        self.set(
            TextNode::FAMILY,
            iter::once(preferred)
                .chain(existing.get(TextNode::FAMILY).iter().cloned())
                .collect(),
        );
    }

    /// Whether the map contains a style property for the given key.
    pub fn contains<'a, K: Key<'a>>(&self, _: K) -> bool {
        self.0
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|entry| entry.property())
            .any(|property| property.is::<K>())
    }

    /// Make `self` the first link of the `tail` chain.
    ///
    /// The resulting style chain contains styles from `self` as well as
    /// `tail`. The ones from `self` take precedence over the ones from
    /// `tail`. For folded properties `self` contributes the inner value.
    pub fn chain<'a>(&'a self, tail: &'a StyleChain<'a>) -> StyleChain<'a> {
        if self.is_empty() {
            *tail
        } else {
            StyleChain { head: &self.0, tail: Some(tail) }
        }
    }

    /// Set an outer style property.
    ///
    /// Like [`chain`](Self::chain) or [`apply_map`](Self::apply_map), but with
    /// only a entry.
    pub fn apply(&mut self, entry: StyleEntry) {
        self.0.insert(0, entry);
    }

    /// Apply styles from `tail` in-place. The resulting style map is equivalent
    /// to the style chain created by `self.chain(StyleChain::new(tail))`.
    ///
    /// This is useful over `chain` when you want to combine two maps, but you
    /// still need an owned map without a lifetime.
    pub fn apply_map(&mut self, tail: &Self) {
        self.0.splice(0 .. 0, tail.0.iter().cloned());
    }

    /// Mark all contained properties as _scoped_. This means that they only
    /// apply to the first descendant node (of their type) in the hierarchy and
    /// not its children, too. This is used by
    /// [constructors](crate::eval::Node::construct).
    pub fn scoped(mut self) -> Self {
        for entry in &mut self.0 {
            if let StyleEntry::Property(property) = entry {
                property.scoped = true;
            }
        }
        self
    }

    /// The highest-level kind of of structure the map interrupts.
    pub fn interruption(&self) -> Option<Interruption> {
        self.0.iter().filter_map(|entry| entry.interruption()).max()
    }
}

impl From<StyleEntry> for StyleMap {
    fn from(entry: StyleEntry) -> Self {
        Self(vec![entry])
    }
}

impl Debug for StyleMap {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        for entry in self.0.iter().rev() {
            writeln!(f, "{:?}", entry)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

/// A unique identifier for a node.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
pub struct NodeId(ReadableTypeId);

impl NodeId {
    /// The id of the given node.
    pub fn of<T: 'static>() -> Self {
        Self(ReadableTypeId::of::<T>())
    }
}

impl Debug for NodeId {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        self.0.fmt(f)
    }
}

/// Determines whether a style could interrupt some composable structure.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
pub enum Interruption {
    /// The style forces a list break.
    List,
    /// The style forces a paragraph break.
    Par,
    /// The style forces a page break.
    Page,
}

/// An entry for a single style property, recipe or barrier.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
pub enum StyleEntry {
    /// A style property originating from a set rule or constructor.
    Property(Property),
    /// A show rule recipe.
    Recipe(Recipe),
    /// A semantic role.
    Role(Role),
    /// A barrier for scoped styles.
    Barrier(Barrier),
    /// Guards against recursive show rules.
    Guard(Selector),
    /// Allows recursive show rules again.
    Unguard(Selector),
}

impl StyleEntry {
    /// Make this style the first link of the `tail` chain.
    pub fn chain<'a>(&'a self, tail: &'a StyleChain) -> StyleChain<'a> {
        if let StyleEntry::Barrier(barrier) = self {
            if !tail
                .entries()
                .filter_map(StyleEntry::property)
                .any(|p| p.scoped && barrier.is_for(p.node))
            {
                return *tail;
            }
        }

        StyleChain {
            head: std::slice::from_ref(self),
            tail: Some(tail),
        }
    }

    /// If this is a property, return it.
    pub fn property(&self) -> Option<&Property> {
        match self {
            Self::Property(property) => Some(property),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// If this is a recipe, return it.
    pub fn recipe(&self) -> Option<&Recipe> {
        match self {
            Self::Recipe(recipe) => Some(recipe),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// The highest-level kind of of structure the entry interrupts.
    pub fn interruption(&self) -> Option<Interruption> {
        match self {
            Self::Property(property) => property.interruption(),
            Self::Recipe(recipe) => recipe.interruption(),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

impl Debug for StyleEntry {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str("#[")?;
        match self {
            Self::Property(property) => property.fmt(f)?,
            Self::Recipe(recipe) => recipe.fmt(f)?,
            Self::Role(role) => role.fmt(f)?,
            Self::Barrier(barrier) => barrier.fmt(f)?,
            Self::Guard(sel) => write!(f, "Guard against {sel:?}")?,
            Self::Unguard(sel) => write!(f, "Unguard against {sel:?}")?,
        }
        f.write_str("]")
    }
}

/// A chain of style maps, similar to a linked list.
///
/// A style chain allows to combine properties from multiple style maps in a
/// node hierarchy in a non-allocating way. Rather than eagerly merging the
/// maps, each access walks the hierarchy from the innermost to the outermost
/// map, trying to find a match and then folding it with matches further up the
/// chain.
#[derive(Default, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
pub struct StyleChain<'a> {
    /// The first link of this chain.
    head: &'a [StyleEntry],
    /// The remaining links in the chain.
    tail: Option<&'a Self>,
}

impl<'a> StyleChain<'a> {
    /// Create a new, empty style chain.
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    /// Start a new style chain with a root map.
    pub fn with_root(root: &'a StyleMap) -> Self {
        Self { head: &root.0, tail: None }
    }

    /// Get the output value of a style property.
    ///
    /// Returns the property's default value if no map in the chain contains an
    /// entry for it. Also takes care of resolving and folding and returns
    /// references where applicable.
    pub fn get<K: Key<'a>>(self, key: K) -> K::Output {
        K::get(self, self.values(key))
    }

    /// Apply show recipes in this style chain to a target.
    pub fn apply(self, ctx: &mut Context, target: Target) -> TypResult<Option<Content>> {
        // Find out how many recipes there any and whether any of their patterns
        // match.
        let mut n = 0;
        let mut any = true;
        for recipe in self.entries().filter_map(StyleEntry::recipe) {
            n += 1;
            any |= recipe.applicable(target);
        }

        // Find an applicable recipe.
        let mut realized = None;
        let mut guarded = false;
        if any {
            for recipe in self.entries().filter_map(StyleEntry::recipe) {
                if recipe.applicable(target) {
                    let sel = Selector::Nth(n);
                    if self.guarded(sel) {
                        guarded = true;
                    } else if let Some(content) = recipe.apply(ctx, self, sel, target)? {
                        realized = Some(content);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                n -= 1;
            }
        }

        if let Target::Node(node) = target {
            // Realize if there was no matching recipe.
            if realized.is_none() {
                let sel = Selector::Base(node.id());
                if self.guarded(sel) {
                    guarded = true;
                } else {
                    let content = node.unguard(sel).realize(ctx, self)?;
                    realized = Some(content.styled_with_entry(StyleEntry::Guard(sel)));
                }
            }

            // Finalize only if guarding didn't stop any recipe.
            if !guarded {
                if let Some(content) = realized {
                    realized = Some(node.finalize(ctx, self, content)?);
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(realized)
    }

    /// Retrieve the current role
    pub fn role(self) -> Option<Role> {
        let mut depth = 0;

        for entry in self.entries() {
            match *entry {
                StyleEntry::Role(role) => return Some(role),
                StyleEntry::Barrier(_) if depth == 1 => return None,
                StyleEntry::Barrier(_) => depth += 1,
                _ => {}
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// Whether the recipe identified by the selector is guarded.
    fn guarded(self, sel: Selector) -> bool {
        for entry in self.entries() {
            match *entry {
                StyleEntry::Guard(s) if s == sel => return true,
                StyleEntry::Unguard(s) if s == sel => return false,
                _ => {}
            }
        }

        false
    }

    /// Remove the last link from the chain.
    fn pop(&mut self) {
        *self = self.tail.copied().unwrap_or_default();
    }

    /// Build a style map from the suffix (all links beyond the `len`) of the
    /// chain.
    fn suffix(self, len: usize) -> StyleMap {
        let mut suffix = StyleMap::new();
        let take = self.links().count().saturating_sub(len);
        for link in self.links().take(take) {
            suffix.0.splice(0 .. 0, link.iter().cloned());
        }
        suffix
    }

    /// Iterate over all values for the given property in the chain.
    fn values<K: Key<'a>>(self, _: K) -> Values<'a, K> {
        Values {
            entries: self.entries(),
            depth: 0,
            key: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Iterate over the entries of the chain.
    fn entries(self) -> Entries<'a> {
        Entries {
            inner: [].as_slice().iter(),
            links: self.links(),
        }
    }

    /// Iterate over the links of the chain.
    fn links(self) -> Links<'a> {
        Links(Some(self))
    }
}

impl Debug for StyleChain<'_> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        for entry in self.entries() {
            writeln!(f, "{:?}", entry)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl PartialEq for StyleChain<'_> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        let as_ptr = |s| s as *const _;
        self.head.as_ptr() == other.head.as_ptr()
            && self.head.len() == other.head.len()
            && self.tail.map(as_ptr) == other.tail.map(as_ptr)
    }
}

impl_track_hash!(StyleChain<'_>);

/// An iterator over the values in a style chain.
struct Values<'a, K> {
    entries: Entries<'a>,
    depth: usize,
    key: PhantomData<K>,
}

impl<'a, K: Key<'a>> Iterator for Values<'a, K> {
    type Item = &'a K::Value;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        while let Some(entry) = self.entries.next() {
            match entry {
                StyleEntry::Property(property) => {
                    if let Some(value) = property.downcast::<K>() {
                        if !property.scoped || self.depth <= 1 {
                            return Some(value);
                        }
                    }
                }
                StyleEntry::Barrier(barrier) => {
                    self.depth += barrier.is_for(K::node()) as usize;
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }

        None
    }
}

/// An iterator over the entries in a style chain.
struct Entries<'a> {
    inner: std::slice::Iter<'a, StyleEntry>,
    links: Links<'a>,
}

impl<'a> Iterator for Entries<'a> {
    type Item = &'a StyleEntry;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        loop {
            if let Some(entry) = self.inner.next_back() {
                return Some(entry);
            }

            match self.links.next() {
                Some(next) => self.inner = next.iter(),
                None => return None,
            }
        }
    }
}

/// An iterator over the links of a style chain.
struct Links<'a>(Option<StyleChain<'a>>);

impl<'a> Iterator for Links<'a> {
    type Item = &'a [StyleEntry];

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let StyleChain { head, tail } = self.0?;
        self.0 = tail.copied();
        Some(head)
    }
}

/// A sequence of items with associated styles.
#[derive(Hash)]
pub struct StyleVec<T> {
    items: Vec<T>,
    maps: Vec<(StyleMap, usize)>,
}

impl<T> StyleVec<T> {
    /// Whether there are any items in the sequence.
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.items.is_empty()
    }

    /// Number of items in the sequence.
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.items.len()
    }

    /// Insert an element in the front. The element will share the style of the
    /// current first element.
    ///
    /// This method has no effect if the vector is empty.
    pub fn push_front(&mut self, item: T) {
        if !self.maps.is_empty() {
            self.items.insert(0, item);
            self.maps[0].1 += 1;
        }
    }

    /// Map the contained items.
    pub fn map<F, U>(&self, f: F) -> StyleVec<U>
    where
        F: FnMut(&T) -> U,
    {
        StyleVec {
            items: self.items.iter().map(f).collect(),
            maps: self.maps.clone(),
        }
    }

    /// Iterate over the contained items.
    pub fn items(&self) -> std::slice::Iter<'_, T> {
        self.items.iter()
    }

    /// Iterate over the contained maps. Note that zipping this with `items()`
    /// does not yield the same result as calling `iter()` because this method
    /// only returns maps once that are shared by consecutive items. This method
    /// is designed for use cases where you want to check, for example, whether
    /// any of the maps fulfills a specific property.
    pub fn styles(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &StyleMap> {
        self.maps.iter().map(|(map, _)| map)
    }

    /// Iterate over references to the contained items and associated style maps.
    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&T, &StyleMap)> + '_ {
        self.items().zip(
            self.maps
                .iter()
                .flat_map(|(map, count)| iter::repeat(map).take(*count)),
        )
    }
}

impl<T> Default for StyleVec<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self { items: vec![], maps: vec![] }
    }
}

impl<T> FromIterator<T> for StyleVec<T> {
    fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = T>>(iter: I) -> Self {
        let items: Vec<_> = iter.into_iter().collect();
        let maps = vec![(StyleMap::new(), items.len())];
        Self { items, maps }
    }
}

impl<T: Debug> Debug for StyleVec<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.debug_list()
            .entries(self.iter().map(|(item, map)| {
                crate::util::debug(|f| {
                    map.fmt(f)?;
                    item.fmt(f)
                })
            }))
            .finish()
    }
}

/// Assists in the construction of a [`StyleVec`].
pub struct StyleVecBuilder<'a, T> {
    items: Vec<T>,
    chains: Vec<(StyleChain<'a>, usize)>,
}

impl<'a, T> StyleVecBuilder<'a, T> {
    /// Create a new style-vec builder.
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self { items: vec![], chains: vec![] }
    }

    /// Whether the builder is empty.
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.items.is_empty()
    }

    /// Push a new item into the style vector.
    pub fn push(&mut self, item: T, styles: StyleChain<'a>) {
        self.items.push(item);

        if let Some((prev, count)) = self.chains.last_mut() {
            if *prev == styles {
                *count += 1;
                return;
            }
        }

        self.chains.push((styles, 1));
    }

    /// Iterate over the contained items.
    pub fn items(&self) -> std::slice::Iter<'_, T> {
        self.items.iter()
    }

    /// Finish building, returning a pair of two things:
    /// - a style vector of items with the non-shared styles
    /// - a shared prefix chain of styles that apply to all items
    pub fn finish(self) -> (StyleVec<T>, StyleChain<'a>) {
        let mut iter = self.chains.iter();
        let mut trunk = match iter.next() {
            Some(&(chain, _)) => chain,
            None => return Default::default(),
        };

        let mut shared = trunk.links().count();
        for &(mut chain, _) in iter {
            let len = chain.links().count();
            if len < shared {
                for _ in 0 .. shared - len {
                    trunk.pop();
                }
                shared = len;
            } else if len > shared {
                for _ in 0 .. len - shared {
                    chain.pop();
                }
            }

            while shared > 0 && chain != trunk {
                trunk.pop();
                chain.pop();
                shared -= 1;
            }
        }

        let maps = self
            .chains
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(chain, count)| (chain.suffix(shared), count))
            .collect();

        (StyleVec { items: self.items, maps }, trunk)
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Default for StyleVecBuilder<'a, T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}