use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::convert::TryInto;
use std::ops::Range;

use rustybuzz::{Feature, UnicodeBuffer};
use ttf_parser::Tag;

use super::prelude::*;
use crate::font::{
    Face, FaceId, FontStore, FontStretch, FontStyle, FontVariant, FontWeight,
    VerticalFontMetric,
};
use crate::geom::{Dir, Em, Length, Point, Size};
use crate::style::{
    FontFamily, FontFeatures, NumberPosition, NumberType, NumberWidth, Style,
    StylisticSet, TextStyle,
};
use crate::util::{EcoString, SliceExt};

/// `font`: Configure the font.
pub fn font(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut Args) -> TypResult<Value> {
    castable! {
        Vec<FontFamily>,
        Expected: "string, generic family or array thereof",
        Value::Str(string) => vec![FontFamily::Named(string.to_lowercase())],
        Value::Array(values) => {
            values.into_iter().filter_map(|v| v.cast().ok()).collect()
        },
        @family: FontFamily => vec![family.clone()],
    }

    castable! {
        Vec<EcoString>,
        Expected: "string or array of strings",
        Value::Str(string) => vec![string.to_lowercase()],
        Value::Array(values) => values
            .into_iter()
            .filter_map(|v| v.cast().ok())
            .map(|string: EcoString| string.to_lowercase())
            .collect(),
    }

    castable! {
        FontStyle,
        Expected: "string",
        Value::Str(string) => match string.as_str() {
            "normal" => Self::Normal,
            "italic" => Self::Italic,
            "oblique" => Self::Oblique,
            _ => Err(r#"expected "normal", "italic" or "oblique""#)?,
        },
    }

    castable! {
        FontWeight,
        Expected: "integer or string",
        Value::Int(v) => v.try_into().map_or(Self::BLACK, Self::from_number),
        Value::Str(string) => match string.as_str() {
            "thin" => Self::THIN,
            "extralight" => Self::EXTRALIGHT,
            "light" => Self::LIGHT,
            "regular" => Self::REGULAR,
            "medium" => Self::MEDIUM,
            "semibold" => Self::SEMIBOLD,
            "bold" => Self::BOLD,
            "extrabold" => Self::EXTRABOLD,
            "black" => Self::BLACK,
            _ => Err("unknown font weight")?,
        },
    }

    castable! {
        FontStretch,
        Expected: "relative",
        Value::Relative(v) => Self::from_ratio(v.get() as f32),
    }

    castable! {
        VerticalFontMetric,
        Expected: "linear or string",
        Value::Length(v) => Self::Linear(v.into()),
        Value::Relative(v) => Self::Linear(v.into()),
        Value::Linear(v) => Self::Linear(v),
        Value::Str(string) => match string.as_str() {
            "ascender" => Self::Ascender,
            "cap-height" => Self::CapHeight,
            "x-height" => Self::XHeight,
            "baseline" => Self::Baseline,
            "descender" => Self::Descender,
            _ => Err("unknown font metric")?,
        },
    }

    castable! {
        StylisticSet,
        Expected: "none or integer",
        Value::None => Self(None),
        Value::Int(v) => match v {
            1 ..= 20 => Self(Some(v as u8)),
            _ => Err("must be between 1 and 20")?,
        },
    }

    castable! {
        NumberType,
        Expected: "auto or string",
        Value::Auto => Self::Auto,
        Value::Str(string) => match string.as_str() {
            "lining" => Self::Lining,
            "old-style" => Self::OldStyle,
            _ => Err(r#"expected "lining" or "old-style""#)?,
        },
    }

    castable! {
        NumberWidth,
        Expected: "auto or string",
        Value::Auto => Self::Auto,
        Value::Str(string) => match string.as_str() {
            "proportional" => Self::Proportional,
            "tabular" => Self::Tabular,
            _ => Err(r#"expected "proportional" or "tabular""#)?,
        },
    }

    castable! {
        NumberPosition,
        Expected: "string",
        Value::Str(string) => match string.as_str() {
            "normal" => Self::Normal,
            "subscript" => Self::Subscript,
            "superscript" => Self::Superscript,
            _ => Err(r#"expected "normal", "subscript" or "superscript""#)?,
        },
    }

    castable! {
        Vec<(Tag, u32)>,
        Expected: "array of strings or dictionary mapping tags to integers",
        Value::Array(values) => values
            .into_iter()
            .filter_map(|v| v.cast().ok())
            .map(|string: EcoString| (Tag::from_bytes_lossy(string.as_bytes()), 1))
            .collect(),
        Value::Dict(values) => values
            .into_iter()
            .filter_map(|(k, v)| {
                let tag = Tag::from_bytes_lossy(k.as_bytes());
                let num = v.cast::<i64>().ok()?.try_into().ok()?;
                Some((tag, num))
            })
            .collect(),
    }

    let list = args.named("family")?.or_else(|| {
        let families: Vec<_> = args.all().collect();
        (!families.is_empty()).then(|| families)
    });

    let serif = args.named("serif")?;
    let sans_serif = args.named("sans-serif")?;
    let monospace = args.named("monospace")?;
    let fallback = args.named("fallback")?;
    let style = args.named("style")?;
    let weight = args.named("weight")?;
    let tracking = args.named("tracking")?;
    let stretch = args.named("stretch")?;
    let size = args.named::<Linear>("size")?.or_else(|| args.find());
    let top_edge = args.named("top-edge")?;
    let bottom_edge = args.named("bottom-edge")?;
    let fill = args.named("fill")?.or_else(|| args.find());
    let kerning = args.named("kerning")?;
    let smallcaps = args.named("smallcaps")?;
    let alternates = args.named("alternates")?;
    let stylistic_set = args.named("stylistic-set")?;
    let ligatures = args.named("ligatures")?;
    let discretionary_ligatures = args.named("discretionary-ligatures")?;
    let historical_ligatures = args.named("historical-ligatures")?;
    let number_type = args.named("number-type")?;
    let number_width = args.named("number-width")?;
    let number_position = args.named("number-position")?;
    let slashed_zero = args.named("slashed-zero")?;
    let fractions = args.named("fractions")?;
    let features = args.named("features")?;

    let body = args.find::<Template>();

    macro_rules! set {
        ($target:expr => $source:expr) => {
            if let Some(v) = $source {
                $target = v;
            }
        };
    }

    let f = move |style_: &mut Style| {
        let text = style_.text_mut();

        if let Some(size) = size {
            text.size = size.resolve(text.size);
        }

        if let Some(fill) = fill {
            text.fill = Paint::Color(fill);
        }

        if let Some(tracking) = tracking {
            text.tracking = Em::new(tracking);
        }

        set!(text.variant.style => style);
        set!(text.variant.weight => weight);
        set!(text.variant.stretch => stretch);
        set!(text.top_edge => top_edge);
        set!(text.bottom_edge => bottom_edge);
        set!(text.fallback => fallback);

        set!(text.families_mut().list => list.clone());
        set!(text.families_mut().serif => serif.clone());
        set!(text.families_mut().sans_serif => sans_serif.clone());
        set!(text.families_mut().monospace => monospace.clone());
        set!(text.features_mut().kerning => kerning);
        set!(text.features_mut().smallcaps => smallcaps);
        set!(text.features_mut().alternates => alternates);
        set!(text.features_mut().stylistic_set => stylistic_set);
        set!(text.features_mut().ligatures.standard => ligatures);
        set!(text.features_mut().ligatures.discretionary => discretionary_ligatures);
        set!(text.features_mut().ligatures.historical => historical_ligatures);
        set!(text.features_mut().numbers.type_ => number_type);
        set!(text.features_mut().numbers.width => number_width);
        set!(text.features_mut().numbers.position => number_position);
        set!(text.features_mut().numbers.slashed_zero => slashed_zero);
        set!(text.features_mut().numbers.fractions => fractions);
        set!(text.features_mut().raw => features.clone());
    };

    Ok(if let Some(body) = body {
        Value::Template(body.modified(f))
    } else {
        ctx.template.modify(f);
        Value::None
    })
}

/// Shape text into [`ShapedText`].
pub fn shape<'a>(
    ctx: &mut LayoutContext,
    text: &'a str,
    style: &'a TextStyle,
    dir: Dir,
) -> ShapedText<'a> {
    let mut glyphs = vec![];
    if !text.is_empty() {
        shape_segment(
            ctx.fonts,
            &mut glyphs,
            0,
            text,
            style.variant(),
            style.families(),
            None,
            dir,
            &tags(&style.features),
        );
    }

    track(&mut glyphs, style.tracking);

    let (size, baseline) = measure(ctx, &glyphs, style);
    ShapedText {
        text,
        dir,
        style,
        size,
        baseline,
        glyphs: Cow::Owned(glyphs),
    }
}

/// The result of shaping text.
///
/// This type contains owned or borrowed shaped text runs, which can be
/// measured, used to reshape substrings more quickly and converted into a
/// frame.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ShapedText<'a> {
    /// The text that was shaped.
    pub text: &'a str,
    /// The text direction.
    pub dir: Dir,
    /// The properties used for font selection.
    pub style: &'a TextStyle,
    /// The font size.
    pub size: Size,
    /// The baseline from the top of the frame.
    pub baseline: Length,
    /// The shaped glyphs.
    pub glyphs: Cow<'a, [ShapedGlyph]>,
}

/// A single glyph resulting from shaping.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
pub struct ShapedGlyph {
    /// The font face the glyph is contained in.
    pub face_id: FaceId,
    /// The glyph's index in the face.
    pub glyph_id: u16,
    /// The advance width of the glyph.
    pub x_advance: Em,
    /// The horizontal offset of the glyph.
    pub x_offset: Em,
    /// The start index of the glyph in the source text.
    pub text_index: usize,
    /// Whether splitting the shaping result before this glyph would yield the
    /// same results as shaping the parts to both sides of `text_index`
    /// separately.
    pub safe_to_break: bool,
}

impl<'a> ShapedText<'a> {
    /// Build the shaped text's frame.
    pub fn build(&self) -> Frame {
        let mut frame = Frame::new(self.size, self.baseline);
        let mut offset = Length::zero();

        for (face_id, group) in self.glyphs.as_ref().group_by_key(|g| g.face_id) {
            let pos = Point::new(offset, self.baseline);

            let mut text = Text {
                face_id,
                size: self.style.size,
                width: Length::zero(),
                fill: self.style.fill,
                glyphs: vec![],
            };

            for glyph in group {
                text.glyphs.push(Glyph {
                    id: glyph.glyph_id,
                    x_advance: glyph.x_advance,
                    x_offset: glyph.x_offset,
                });
                text.width += glyph.x_advance.to_length(text.size);
            }

            offset += text.width;
            frame.push(pos, Element::Text(text));
        }

        frame
    }

    /// Reshape a range of the shaped text, reusing information from this
    /// shaping process if possible.
    pub fn reshape(
        &'a self,
        ctx: &mut LayoutContext,
        text_range: Range<usize>,
    ) -> ShapedText<'a> {
        if let Some(glyphs) = self.slice_safe_to_break(text_range.clone()) {
            let (size, baseline) = measure(ctx, glyphs, self.style);
            Self {
                text: &self.text[text_range],
                dir: self.dir,
                style: self.style,
                size,
                baseline,
                glyphs: Cow::Borrowed(glyphs),
            }
        } else {
            shape(ctx, &self.text[text_range], self.style, self.dir)
        }
    }

    /// Find the subslice of glyphs that represent the given text range if both
    /// sides are safe to break.
    fn slice_safe_to_break(&self, text_range: Range<usize>) -> Option<&[ShapedGlyph]> {
        let Range { mut start, mut end } = text_range;
        if !self.dir.is_positive() {
            std::mem::swap(&mut start, &mut end);
        }

        let left = self.find_safe_to_break(start, Side::Left)?;
        let right = self.find_safe_to_break(end, Side::Right)?;
        Some(&self.glyphs[left .. right])
    }

    /// Find the glyph offset matching the text index that is most towards the
    /// given side and safe-to-break.
    fn find_safe_to_break(&self, text_index: usize, towards: Side) -> Option<usize> {
        let ltr = self.dir.is_positive();

        // Handle edge cases.
        let len = self.glyphs.len();
        if text_index == 0 {
            return Some(if ltr { 0 } else { len });
        } else if text_index == self.text.len() {
            return Some(if ltr { len } else { 0 });
        }

        // Find any glyph with the text index.
        let mut idx = self
            .glyphs
            .binary_search_by(|g| {
                let ordering = g.text_index.cmp(&text_index);
                if ltr { ordering } else { ordering.reverse() }
            })
            .ok()?;

        let next = match towards {
            Side::Left => usize::checked_sub,
            Side::Right => usize::checked_add,
        };

        // Search for the outermost glyph with the text index.
        while let Some(next) = next(idx, 1) {
            if self.glyphs.get(next).map_or(true, |g| g.text_index != text_index) {
                break;
            }
            idx = next;
        }

        // RTL needs offset one because the left side of the range should be
        // exclusive and the right side inclusive, contrary to the normal
        // behaviour of ranges.
        if !ltr {
            idx += 1;
        }

        self.glyphs[idx].safe_to_break.then(|| idx)
    }
}

/// A visual side.
enum Side {
    Left,
    Right,
}

/// Shape text with font fallback using the `families` iterator.
fn shape_segment<'a>(
    fonts: &mut FontStore,
    glyphs: &mut Vec<ShapedGlyph>,
    base: usize,
    text: &str,
    variant: FontVariant,
    mut families: impl Iterator<Item = &'a str> + Clone,
    mut first_face: Option<FaceId>,
    dir: Dir,
    tags: &[rustybuzz::Feature],
) {
    // Select the font family.
    let (face_id, fallback) = loop {
        // Try to load the next available font family.
        match families.next() {
            Some(family) => {
                if let Some(id) = fonts.select(family, variant) {
                    break (id, true);
                }
            }
            // We're out of families, so we don't do any more fallback and just
            // shape the tofus with the first face we originally used.
            None => match first_face {
                Some(id) => break (id, false),
                None => return,
            },
        }
    };

    // Remember the id if this the first available face since we use that one to
    // shape tofus.
    first_face.get_or_insert(face_id);

    // Fill the buffer with our text.
    let mut buffer = UnicodeBuffer::new();
    buffer.push_str(text);
    buffer.set_direction(match dir {
        Dir::LTR => rustybuzz::Direction::LeftToRight,
        Dir::RTL => rustybuzz::Direction::RightToLeft,
        _ => unimplemented!(),
    });

    // Shape!
    let mut face = fonts.get(face_id);
    let buffer = rustybuzz::shape(face.ttf(), tags, buffer);
    let infos = buffer.glyph_infos();
    let pos = buffer.glyph_positions();

    // Collect the shaped glyphs, doing fallback and shaping parts again with
    // the next font if necessary.
    let mut i = 0;
    while i < infos.len() {
        let info = &infos[i];
        let cluster = info.cluster as usize;

        if info.glyph_id != 0 || !fallback {
            // Add the glyph to the shaped output.
            // TODO: Don't ignore y_advance and y_offset.
            glyphs.push(ShapedGlyph {
                face_id,
                glyph_id: info.glyph_id as u16,
                x_advance: face.to_em(pos[i].x_advance),
                x_offset: face.to_em(pos[i].x_offset),
                text_index: base + cluster,
                safe_to_break: !info.unsafe_to_break(),
            });
        } else {
            // Determine the source text range for the tofu sequence.
            let range = {
                // First, search for the end of the tofu sequence.
                let k = i;
                while infos.get(i + 1).map_or(false, |info| info.glyph_id == 0) {
                    i += 1;
                }

                // Then, determine the start and end text index.
                //
                // Examples:
                // Everything is shown in visual order. Tofus are written as "_".
                // We want to find out that the tofus span the text `2..6`.
                // Note that the clusters are longer than 1 char.
                //
                // Left-to-right:
                // Text:     h a l i h a l l o
                // Glyphs:   A   _   _   C   E
                // Clusters: 0   2   4   6   8
                //              k=1 i=2
                //
                // Right-to-left:
                // Text:     O L L A H I L A H
                // Glyphs:   E   C   _   _   A
                // Clusters: 8   6   4   2   0
                //                  k=2 i=3
                let ltr = dir.is_positive();
                let first = if ltr { k } else { i };
                let start = infos[first].cluster as usize;
                let last = if ltr { i.checked_add(1) } else { k.checked_sub(1) };
                let end = last
                    .and_then(|last| infos.get(last))
                    .map_or(text.len(), |info| info.cluster as usize);

                start .. end
            };

            // Recursively shape the tofu sequence with the next family.
            shape_segment(
                fonts,
                glyphs,
                base + range.start,
                &text[range],
                variant,
                families.clone(),
                first_face,
                dir,
                tags,
            );

            face = fonts.get(face_id);
        }

        i += 1;
    }
}

/// Apply tracking to a slice of shaped glyphs.
fn track(glyphs: &mut [ShapedGlyph], tracking: Em) {
    if tracking.is_zero() {
        return;
    }

    let mut glyphs = glyphs.iter_mut().peekable();
    while let Some(glyph) = glyphs.next() {
        if glyphs
            .peek()
            .map_or(false, |next| glyph.text_index != next.text_index)
        {
            glyph.x_advance += tracking;
        }
    }
}

/// Measure the size and baseline of a run of shaped glyphs with the given
/// properties.
fn measure(
    ctx: &mut LayoutContext,
    glyphs: &[ShapedGlyph],
    style: &TextStyle,
) -> (Size, Length) {
    let mut width = Length::zero();
    let mut top = Length::zero();
    let mut bottom = Length::zero();

    // Expand top and bottom by reading the face's vertical metrics.
    let mut expand = |face: &Face| {
        top.set_max(face.vertical_metric(style.top_edge, style.size));
        bottom.set_max(-face.vertical_metric(style.bottom_edge, style.size));
    };

    if glyphs.is_empty() {
        // When there are no glyphs, we just use the vertical metrics of the
        // first available font.
        for family in style.families() {
            if let Some(face_id) = ctx.fonts.select(family, style.variant) {
                expand(ctx.fonts.get(face_id));
                break;
            }
        }
    } else {
        for (face_id, group) in glyphs.group_by_key(|g| g.face_id) {
            let face = ctx.fonts.get(face_id);
            expand(face);

            for glyph in group {
                width += glyph.x_advance.to_length(style.size);
            }
        }
    }

    (Size::new(width, top + bottom), top)
}

/// Collect the tags of the OpenType features to apply.
fn tags(features: &FontFeatures) -> Vec<Feature> {
    let mut tags = vec![];
    let mut feat = |tag, value| {
        tags.push(Feature::new(Tag::from_bytes(tag), value, ..));
    };

    // Features that are on by default in Harfbuzz are only added if disabled.
    if !features.kerning {
        feat(b"kern", 0);
    }

    // Features that are off by default in Harfbuzz are only added if enabled.
    if features.smallcaps {
        feat(b"smcp", 1);
    }

    if features.alternates {
        feat(b"salt", 1);
    }

    let storage;
    if let StylisticSet(Some(set @ 1 ..= 20)) = features.stylistic_set {
        storage = [b's', b's', b'0' + set / 10, b'0' + set % 10];
        feat(&storage, 1);
    }

    if !features.ligatures.standard {
        feat(b"liga", 0);
        feat(b"clig", 0);
    }

    if features.ligatures.discretionary {
        feat(b"dlig", 1);
    }

    if features.ligatures.historical {
        feat(b"hilg", 1);
    }

    match features.numbers.type_ {
        NumberType::Auto => {}
        NumberType::Lining => feat(b"lnum", 1),
        NumberType::OldStyle => feat(b"onum", 1),
    }

    match features.numbers.width {
        NumberWidth::Auto => {}
        NumberWidth::Proportional => feat(b"pnum", 1),
        NumberWidth::Tabular => feat(b"tnum", 1),
    }

    match features.numbers.position {
        NumberPosition::Normal => {}
        NumberPosition::Subscript => feat(b"subs", 1),
        NumberPosition::Superscript => feat(b"sups", 1),
    }

    if features.numbers.slashed_zero {
        feat(b"zero", 1);
    }

    if features.numbers.fractions {
        feat(b"frac", 1);
    }

    for &(tag, value) in features.raw.iter() {
        tags.push(Feature::new(tag, value, ..))
    }

    tags
}