skip layout of redundant gutter at the top of footer

even if headers and footers are interleaved

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets --no-default-features
       - run: cargo fmt --check --all
       - run: cargo doc --workspace --no-deps
+      - run: git diff --exit-code
 
   min-version:
     name: Check minimum Rust version

Cargo.lock

@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "codex"
 version = "0.1.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/typst/codex?rev=56eb217#56eb2172fc0670f4c1c8b79a63d11f9354e5babe"
+source = "git+https://github.com/typst/codex?rev=a5428cb#a5428cb9c81a41354d44b44dbd5a16a710bbd928"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "color-print"
@@ -786,9 +786,9 @@ checksum = "a0d2fde1f7b3d48b8395d5f2de76c18a528bd6a9cdde438df747bfcba3e05d6f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "font-types"
-version = "0.8.4"
+version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fa6a5e5a77b5f3f7f9e32879f484aa5b3632ddfbe568a16266c904a6f32cdaf"
+checksum = "02a596f5713680923a2080d86de50fe472fb290693cf0f701187a1c8b36996b7"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck",
 ]
@@ -1367,8 +1367,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "krilla"
 version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+source = "git+https://github.com/LaurenzV/krilla?rev=20c14fe#20c14fefee5002566b3d6668b338bbe2168784e7"
-checksum = "69ee6128ebf52d7ce684613b6431ead2959f2be9ff8cf776eeaaad0427c953e9"
 dependencies = [
  "base64",
  "bumpalo",
@@ -1396,8 +1395,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "krilla-svg"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+source = "git+https://github.com/LaurenzV/krilla?rev=20c14fe#20c14fefee5002566b3d6668b338bbe2168784e7"
-checksum = "3462989578155cf620ef8035f8921533cc95c28e2a0c75de172f7219e6aba84e"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "fontdb",
@@ -2106,9 +2104,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "read-fonts"
-version = "0.28.0"
+version = "0.30.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "600e807b48ac55bad68a8cb75cc3c7739f139b9248f7e003e01e080f589b5288"
+checksum = "192735ef611aac958468e670cb98432c925426f3cb71521fda202130f7388d91"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck",
  "font-types",
@@ -2434,9 +2432,9 @@ checksum = "56199f7ddabf13fe5074ce809e7d3f42b42ae711800501b5b16ea82ad029c39d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "skrifa"
-version = "0.30.0"
+version = "0.32.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6fa1e5622e4f7b98877e8a19890efddcac1230cec6198bd9de91ec0e00010dc8"
+checksum = "e6d632b5a73f566303dbeabd344dc3e716fd4ddc9a70d6fc8ea8e6f06617da97"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck",
  "read-fonts",
@@ -2863,7 +2861,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "typst-assets"
 version = "0.13.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/typst/typst-assets?rev=c74e539#c74e539b090070a0c66fd007c550f5b6d3b724bd"
+source = "git+https://github.com/typst/typst-assets?rev=c1089b4#c1089b46c461bdde579c55caa941a3cc7dec3e8a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "typst-cli"
@@ -2913,7 +2911,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "typst-dev-assets"
 version = "0.13.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/typst/typst-dev-assets?rev=fddbf8b#fddbf8b99506bc370ac0edcd4959add603a7fc92"
+source = "git+https://github.com/typst/typst-dev-assets?rev=bfa947f#bfa947f3433d7d13a995168c40ae788a2ebfe648"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "typst-docs"

Cargo.toml

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ typst-svg = { path = "crates/typst-svg", version = "0.13.1" }
 typst-syntax = { path = "crates/typst-syntax", version = "0.13.1" }
 typst-timing = { path = "crates/typst-timing", version = "0.13.1" }
 typst-utils = { path = "crates/typst-utils", version = "0.13.1" }
-typst-assets = { git = "https://github.com/typst/typst-assets", rev = "c74e539" }
+typst-assets = { git = "https://github.com/typst/typst-assets", rev = "c1089b4" }
-typst-dev-assets = { git = "https://github.com/typst/typst-dev-assets", rev = "fddbf8b" }
+typst-dev-assets = { git = "https://github.com/typst/typst-dev-assets", rev = "bfa947f" }
 arrayvec = "0.7.4"
 az = "1.2"
 base64 = "0.22"
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ clap = { version = "4.4", features = ["derive", "env", "wrap_help"] }
 clap_complete = "4.2.1"
 clap_mangen = "0.2.10"
 codespan-reporting = "0.11"
-codex = { git = "https://github.com/typst/codex", rev = "56eb217" }
+codex = { git = "https://github.com/typst/codex", rev = "a5428cb" }
 color-print = "0.3.6"
 comemo = "0.4"
 csv = "1"
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ image = { version = "0.25.5", default-features = false, features = ["png", "jpeg
 indexmap = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
 infer = { version = "0.19.0", default-features = false }
 kamadak-exif = "0.6"
-krilla = { version = "0.4.0", default-features = false, features = ["raster-images", "comemo", "rayon"] }
+krilla = { git = "https://github.com/LaurenzV/krilla", rev = "20c14fe", default-features = false, features = ["raster-images", "comemo", "rayon"] }
-krilla-svg = "0.1.0"
+krilla-svg = { git = "https://github.com/LaurenzV/krilla", rev = "20c14fe" }
 kurbo = "0.11"
 libfuzzer-sys = "0.4"
 lipsum = "0.9"

crates/typst-cli/src/query.rs

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ use typst::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, StrResult, Warned};
 use typst::engine::Sink;
 use typst::foundations::{Content, IntoValue, LocatableSelector, Scope};
 use typst::layout::PagedDocument;
-use typst::syntax::Span;
+use typst::syntax::{Span, SyntaxMode};
 use typst::World;
-use typst_eval::{eval_string, EvalMode};
+use typst_eval::eval_string;
 
 use crate::args::{QueryCommand, SerializationFormat};
 use crate::compile::print_diagnostics;
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ fn retrieve(
         Sink::new().track_mut(),
         &command.selector,
         Span::detached(),
-        EvalMode::Code,
+        SyntaxMode::Code,
         Scope::default(),
     )
     .map_err(|errors| {

crates/typst-eval/src/lib.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ pub use self::call::{eval_closure, CapturesVisitor};
 pub use self::flow::FlowEvent;
 pub use self::import::import;
 pub use self::vm::Vm;
-pub use typst_library::routines::EvalMode;
 
 use self::access::*;
 use self::binding::*;
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ use typst_library::introspection::Introspector;
 use typst_library::math::EquationElem;
 use typst_library::routines::Routines;
 use typst_library::World;
-use typst_syntax::{ast, parse, parse_code, parse_math, Source, Span};
+use typst_syntax::{ast, parse, parse_code, parse_math, Source, Span, SyntaxMode};
 
 /// Evaluate a source file and return the resulting module.
 #[comemo::memoize]
@@ -104,13 +103,13 @@ pub fn eval_string(
     sink: TrackedMut<Sink>,
     string: &str,
     span: Span,
-    mode: EvalMode,
+    mode: SyntaxMode,
     scope: Scope,
 ) -> SourceResult<Value> {
     let mut root = match mode {
-        EvalMode::Code => parse_code(string),
+        SyntaxMode::Code => parse_code(string),
-        EvalMode::Markup => parse(string),
+        SyntaxMode::Markup => parse(string),
-        EvalMode::Math => parse_math(string),
+        SyntaxMode::Math => parse_math(string),
     };
 
     root.synthesize(span);
@@ -141,11 +140,11 @@ pub fn eval_string(
 
     // Evaluate the code.
     let output = match mode {
-        EvalMode::Code => root.cast::<ast::Code>().unwrap().eval(&mut vm)?,
+        SyntaxMode::Code => root.cast::<ast::Code>().unwrap().eval(&mut vm)?,
-        EvalMode::Markup => {
+        SyntaxMode::Markup => {
             Value::Content(root.cast::<ast::Markup>().unwrap().eval(&mut vm)?)
         }
-        EvalMode::Math => Value::Content(
+        SyntaxMode::Math => Value::Content(
             EquationElem::new(root.cast::<ast::Math>().unwrap().eval(&mut vm)?)
                 .with_block(false)
                 .pack()

crates/typst-eval/src/markup.rs

@@ -205,7 +205,9 @@ impl Eval for ast::Label<'_> {
     type Output = Value;
 
     fn eval(self, _: &mut Vm) -> SourceResult<Self::Output> {
-        Ok(Value::Label(Label::new(PicoStr::intern(self.get()))))
+        Ok(Value::Label(
+            Label::new(PicoStr::intern(self.get())).expect("unexpected empty label"),
+        ))
     }
 }
 
@@ -213,7 +215,8 @@ impl Eval for ast::Ref<'_> {
     type Output = Content;
 
     fn eval(self, vm: &mut Vm) -> SourceResult<Self::Output> {
-        let target = Label::new(PicoStr::intern(self.target()));
+        let target = Label::new(PicoStr::intern(self.target()))
+            .expect("unexpected empty reference");
         let mut elem = RefElem::new(target);
         if let Some(supplement) = self.supplement() {
             elem.push_supplement(Smart::Custom(Some(Supplement::Content(

crates/typst-html/src/encode.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use typst_library::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use typst_library::foundations::Repr;
-use typst_library::html::{charsets, tag, HtmlDocument, HtmlElement, HtmlNode, HtmlTag};
+use typst_library::html::{
-use typst_library::layout::Frame;
+    attr, charsets, tag, HtmlDocument, HtmlElement, HtmlFrame, HtmlNode, HtmlTag,
+};
 use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 /// Encodes an HTML document into a string.
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ struct Writer {
     pretty: bool,
 }
 
-/// Write a newline and indent, if pretty printing is enabled.
+/// Writes a newline and indent, if pretty printing is enabled.
 fn write_indent(w: &mut Writer) {
     if w.pretty {
         w.buf.push('\n');
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ fn write_indent(w: &mut Writer) {
     }
 }
 
-/// Encode an HTML node into the writer.
+/// Encodes an HTML node into the writer.
 fn write_node(w: &mut Writer, node: &HtmlNode) -> SourceResult<()> {
     match node {
         HtmlNode::Tag(_) => {}
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ fn write_node(w: &mut Writer, node: &HtmlNode) -> SourceResult<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/// Encode plain text into the writer.
+/// Encodes plain text into the writer.
 fn write_text(w: &mut Writer, text: &str, span: Span) -> SourceResult<()> {
     for c in text.chars() {
         if charsets::is_valid_in_normal_element_text(c) {
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ fn write_text(w: &mut Writer, text: &str, span: Span) -> SourceResult<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/// Encode one element into the write.
+/// Encodes one element into the writer.
 fn write_element(w: &mut Writer, element: &HtmlElement) -> SourceResult<()> {
     w.buf.push('<');
     w.buf.push_str(&element.tag.resolve());
@@ -69,6 +70,10 @@ fn write_element(w: &mut Writer, element: &HtmlElement) -> SourceResult<()> {
     for (attr, value) in &element.attrs.0 {
         w.buf.push(' ');
         w.buf.push_str(&attr.resolve());
+
+        // If the string is empty, we can use shorthand syntax.
+        // `<elem attr="">..</div` is equivalent to `<elem attr>..</div>`
+        if !value.is_empty() {
             w.buf.push('=');
             w.buf.push('"');
             for c in value.chars() {
@@ -80,15 +85,38 @@ fn write_element(w: &mut Writer, element: &HtmlElement) -> SourceResult<()> {
             }
             w.buf.push('"');
         }
+    }
 
     w.buf.push('>');
 
     if tag::is_void(element.tag) {
+        if !element.children.is_empty() {
+            bail!(element.span, "HTML void elements must not have children");
+        }
         return Ok(());
     }
 
+    if tag::is_raw(element.tag) {
+        write_raw(w, element)?;
+    } else if !element.children.is_empty() {
+        write_children(w, element)?;
+    }
+
+    w.buf.push_str("</");
+    w.buf.push_str(&element.tag.resolve());
+    w.buf.push('>');
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Encodes the children of an element.
+fn write_children(w: &mut Writer, element: &HtmlElement) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    // See HTML spec § 13.1.2.5.
+    if matches!(element.tag, tag::pre | tag::textarea) && starts_with_newline(element) {
+        w.buf.push('\n');
+    }
+
     let pretty = w.pretty;
-    if !element.children.is_empty() {
     let pretty_inside = allows_pretty_inside(element.tag)
         && element.children.iter().any(|node| match node {
             HtmlNode::Element(child) => wants_pretty_around(child.tag),
@@ -115,16 +143,125 @@ fn write_element(w: &mut Writer, element: &HtmlElement) -> SourceResult<()> {
     w.level -= 1;
 
     write_indent(w);
-    }
     w.pretty = pretty;
 
-    w.buf.push_str("</");
+    Ok(())
-    w.buf.push_str(&element.tag.resolve());
+}
-    w.buf.push('>');
+
+/// Whether the first character in the element is a newline.
+fn starts_with_newline(element: &HtmlElement) -> bool {
+    for child in &element.children {
+        match child {
+            HtmlNode::Tag(_) => {}
+            HtmlNode::Text(text, _) => return text.starts_with(['\n', '\r']),
+            _ => return false,
+        }
+    }
+    false
+}
+
+/// Encodes the contents of a raw text element.
+fn write_raw(w: &mut Writer, element: &HtmlElement) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let text = collect_raw_text(element)?;
+
+    if let Some(closing) = find_closing_tag(&text, element.tag) {
+        bail!(
+            element.span,
+            "HTML raw text element cannot contain its own closing tag";
+            hint: "the sequence `{closing}` appears in the raw text",
+        )
+    }
+
+    let mode = if w.pretty { RawMode::of(element, &text) } else { RawMode::Keep };
+    match mode {
+        RawMode::Keep => {
+            w.buf.push_str(&text);
+        }
+        RawMode::Wrap => {
+            w.buf.push('\n');
+            w.buf.push_str(&text);
+            write_indent(w);
+        }
+        RawMode::Indent => {
+            w.level += 1;
+            for line in text.lines() {
+                write_indent(w);
+                w.buf.push_str(line);
+            }
+            w.level -= 1;
+            write_indent(w);
+        }
+    }
 
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Collects the textual contents of a raw text element.
+fn collect_raw_text(element: &HtmlElement) -> SourceResult<String> {
+    let mut output = String::new();
+    for c in &element.children {
+        match c {
+            HtmlNode::Tag(_) => continue,
+            HtmlNode::Text(text, _) => output.push_str(text),
+            HtmlNode::Element(_) | HtmlNode::Frame(_) => {
+                let span = match c {
+                    HtmlNode::Element(child) => child.span,
+                    _ => element.span,
+                };
+                bail!(span, "HTML raw text element cannot have non-text children")
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    Ok(output)
+}
+
+/// Finds a closing sequence for the given tag in the text, if it exists.
+///
+/// See HTML spec § 13.1.2.6.
+fn find_closing_tag(text: &str, tag: HtmlTag) -> Option<&str> {
+    let s = tag.resolve();
+    let len = s.len();
+    text.match_indices("</").find_map(|(i, _)| {
+        let rest = &text[i + 2..];
+        let disallowed = rest.len() >= len
+            && rest[..len].eq_ignore_ascii_case(&s)
+            && rest[len..].starts_with(['\t', '\n', '\u{c}', '\r', ' ', '>', '/']);
+        disallowed.then(|| &text[i..i + 2 + len])
+    })
+}
+
+/// How to format the contents of a raw text element.
+enum RawMode {
+    /// Just don't touch it.
+    Keep,
+    /// Newline after the opening and newline + indent before the closing tag.
+    Wrap,
+    /// Newlines after opening and before closing tag and each line indented.
+    Indent,
+}
+
+impl RawMode {
+    fn of(element: &HtmlElement, text: &str) -> Self {
+        match element.tag {
+            tag::script
+                if !element.attrs.0.iter().any(|(attr, value)| {
+                    *attr == attr::r#type && value != "text/javascript"
+                }) =>
+            {
+                // Template literals can be multi-line, so indent may change
+                // the semantics of the JavaScript.
+                if text.contains('`') {
+                    Self::Wrap
+                } else {
+                    Self::Indent
+                }
+            }
+            tag::style => Self::Indent,
+            _ => Self::Keep,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Whether we are allowed to add an extra newline at the start and end of the
 /// element's contents.
 ///
@@ -160,15 +297,21 @@ fn write_escape(w: &mut Writer, c: char) -> StrResult<()> {
         c if charsets::is_w3c_text_char(c) && c != '\r' => {
             write!(w.buf, "&#x{:x};", c as u32).unwrap()
         }
-        _ => bail!("the character {} cannot be encoded in HTML", c.repr()),
+        _ => bail!("the character `{}` cannot be encoded in HTML", c.repr()),
     }
     Ok(())
 }
 
 /// Encode a laid out frame into the writer.
-fn write_frame(w: &mut Writer, frame: &Frame) {
+fn write_frame(w: &mut Writer, frame: &HtmlFrame) {
     // FIXME: This string replacement is obviously a hack.
-    let svg = typst_svg::svg_frame(frame)
+    let svg = typst_svg::svg_frame(&frame.inner).replace(
-        .replace("<svg class", "<svg style=\"overflow: visible;\" class");
+        "<svg class",
+        &format!(
+            "<svg style=\"overflow: visible; width: {}em; height: {}em;\" class",
+            frame.inner.width() / frame.text_size,
+            frame.inner.height() / frame.text_size,
+        ),
+    );
     w.buf.push_str(&svg);
 }

crates/typst-html/src/lib.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use typst_library::diag::{bail, warning, At, SourceResult};
 use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
 use typst_library::foundations::{Content, StyleChain, Target, TargetElem};
 use typst_library::html::{
-    attr, tag, FrameElem, HtmlDocument, HtmlElem, HtmlElement, HtmlNode,
+    attr, tag, FrameElem, HtmlDocument, HtmlElem, HtmlElement, HtmlFrame, HtmlNode,
 };
 use typst_library::introspection::{
     Introspector, Locator, LocatorLink, SplitLocator, TagElem,
@@ -180,9 +180,6 @@ fn handle(
         if let Some(body) = elem.body(styles) {
             children = html_fragment(engine, body, locator.next(&elem.span()), styles)?;
         }
-        if tag::is_void(elem.tag) && !children.is_empty() {
-            bail!(elem.span(), "HTML void elements may not have children");
-        }
         let element = HtmlElement {
             tag: elem.tag,
             attrs: elem.attrs(styles).clone(),
@@ -249,7 +246,10 @@ fn handle(
             styles.chain(&style),
             Region::new(Size::splat(Abs::inf()), Axes::splat(false)),
         )?;
-        output.push(HtmlNode::Frame(frame));
+        output.push(HtmlNode::Frame(HtmlFrame {
+            inner: frame,
+            text_size: TextElem::size_in(styles),
+        }));
     } else {
         engine.sink.warn(warning!(
             child.span(),

crates/typst-ide/src/complete.rs

@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ fn field_access_completions(
     match value {
         Value::Symbol(symbol) => {
             for modifier in symbol.modifiers() {
-                if let Ok(modified) = symbol.clone().modified(modifier) {
+                if let Ok(modified) = symbol.clone().modified((), modifier) {
                     ctx.completions.push(Completion {
                         kind: CompletionKind::Symbol(modified.get()),
                         label: modifier.into(),
@@ -701,7 +701,10 @@ fn complete_params(ctx: &mut CompletionContext) -> bool {
     let mut deciding = ctx.leaf.clone();
     while !matches!(
         deciding.kind(),
-        SyntaxKind::LeftParen | SyntaxKind::Comma | SyntaxKind::Colon
+        SyntaxKind::LeftParen
+            | SyntaxKind::RightParen
+            | SyntaxKind::Comma
+            | SyntaxKind::Colon
     ) {
         let Some(prev) = deciding.prev_leaf() else { break };
         deciding = prev;
@@ -1734,6 +1737,8 @@ mod tests {
         test("#numbering(\"foo\", 1, )", -2)
             .must_include(["integer"])
             .must_exclude(["string"]);
+        // After argument list no completions.
+        test("#numbering()", -1).must_exclude(["string"]);
     }
 
     /// Test that autocompletion for values of known type picks up nested
@@ -1829,18 +1834,27 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_autocomplete_fonts() {
-        test("#text(font:)", -1)
+        test("#text(font:)", -2)
             .must_include(["\"Libertinus Serif\"", "\"New Computer Modern Math\""]);
 
-        test("#show link: set text(font: )", -1)
+        test("#show link: set text(font: )", -2)
             .must_include(["\"Libertinus Serif\"", "\"New Computer Modern Math\""]);
 
-        test("#show math.equation: set text(font: )", -1)
+        test("#show math.equation: set text(font: )", -2)
             .must_include(["\"New Computer Modern Math\""])
             .must_exclude(["\"Libertinus Serif\""]);
 
-        test("#show math.equation: it => { set text(font: )\nit }", -6)
+        test("#show math.equation: it => { set text(font: )\nit }", -7)
             .must_include(["\"New Computer Modern Math\""])
             .must_exclude(["\"Libertinus Serif\""]);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_autocomplete_typed_html() {
+        test("#html.div(translate: )", -2)
+            .must_include(["true", "false"])
+            .must_exclude(["\"yes\"", "\"no\""]);
+        test("#html.input(value: )", -2).must_include(["float", "string", "red", "blue"]);
+        test("#html.div(role: )", -2).must_include(["\"alertdialog\""]);
+    }
 }

crates/typst-ide/src/definition.rs

@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ pub fn definition(
 
         // Try to jump to the referenced content.
         DerefTarget::Ref(node) => {
-            let label = Label::new(PicoStr::intern(node.cast::<ast::Ref>()?.target()));
+            let label = Label::new(PicoStr::intern(node.cast::<ast::Ref>()?.target()))
+                .expect("unexpected empty reference");
             let selector = Selector::Label(label);
             let elem = document?.introspector.query_first(&selector)?;
             return Some(Definition::Span(elem.span()));

crates/typst-ide/src/tests.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use typst::syntax::package::{PackageSpec, PackageVersion};
 use typst::syntax::{FileId, Source, VirtualPath};
 use typst::text::{Font, FontBook, TextElem, TextSize};
 use typst::utils::{singleton, LazyHash};
-use typst::{Library, World};
+use typst::{Feature, Library, World};
 
 use crate::IdeWorld;
 
@@ -168,7 +168,9 @@ fn library() -> Library {
     // Set page width to 120pt with 10pt margins, so that the inner page is
     // exactly 100pt wide. Page height is unbounded and font size is 10pt so
     // that it multiplies to nice round numbers.
-    let mut lib = typst::Library::default();
+    let mut lib = typst::Library::builder()
+        .with_features([Feature::Html].into_iter().collect())
+        .build();
     lib.styles
         .set(PageElem::set_width(Smart::Custom(Abs::pt(120.0).into())));
     lib.styles.set(PageElem::set_height(Smart::Auto));
@@ -202,7 +204,8 @@ impl WorldLike for &str {
     }
 }
 
-/// Specifies a position in a file for a test.
+/// Specifies a position in a file for a test. Negative numbers index from the
+/// back. `-1` is at the very back.
 pub trait FilePos {
     fn resolve(self, world: &TestWorld) -> (Source, usize);
 }

crates/typst-layout/src/grid/layouter.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use typst_library::foundations::{Resolve, StyleChain};
 use typst_library::layout::grid::resolve::{
     Cell, CellGrid, Header, LinePosition, Repeatable,
 };
+use typst_library::layout::resolve::Footer;
 use typst_library::layout::{
     Abs, Axes, Dir, Fr, Fragment, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Region, Regions, Rel,
     Size, Sizing,
@@ -60,6 +61,16 @@ pub struct GridLayouter<'a> {
     pub(super) pending_headers: &'a [Repeatable<Header>],
     /// Next headers to be processed.
     pub(super) upcoming_headers: &'a [Repeatable<Header>],
+    /// Currently repeating footers, one per level. Sorted by increasing
+    /// levels.
+    ///
+    /// Note that some levels may be absent, in particular level 0, which does
+    /// not exist (so all levels are >= 1).
+    pub(super) repeating_footers: Vec<&'a Footer>,
+    /// Next footers to be processed.
+    pub(super) upcoming_footers: &'a [Repeatable<Footer>],
+    /// Next footers sorted by when they start repeating.
+    pub(super) upcoming_sorted_footers: &'a [Repeatable<Footer>],
     /// State of the row being currently laid out.
     ///
     /// This is kept as a field to avoid passing down too many parameters from
@@ -155,6 +166,12 @@ pub(super) struct Current {
     /// when finding a new header and causing existing repeating headers to
     /// stop.
     pub(super) repeating_header_heights: Vec<Abs>,
+    /// The height for each repeating footer that will be placed in this region.
+    ///
+    /// This is used to know how much to update `repeating_footer_height` by
+    /// when finding a footer and causing existing repeating footers to
+    /// stop (and new ones to start).
+    pub(super) repeating_footer_heights: Vec<Abs>,
     /// The simulated footer height for this region.
     ///
     /// The simulation occurs before any rows are laid out for a region.
@@ -215,7 +232,7 @@ pub(super) enum Row {
 
 impl Row {
     /// Returns the `y` index of this row.
-    fn index(&self) -> usize {
+    pub(super) fn index(&self) -> usize {
         match self {
             Self::Frame(_, y, _) => *y,
             Self::Fr(_, y, _) => *y,
@@ -253,6 +270,10 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
             repeating_headers: vec![],
             upcoming_headers: &grid.headers,
             pending_headers: Default::default(),
+            // This is updated on layout
+            repeating_footers: vec![],
+            upcoming_footers: &grid.footers,
+            upcoming_sorted_footers: &grid.sorted_footers,
             row_state: RowState::default(),
             current: Current {
                 initial: regions.size,
@@ -264,6 +285,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
                 lrows_orphan_snapshot: None,
                 repeating_header_height: Abs::zero(),
                 repeating_header_heights: vec![],
+                repeating_footer_heights: vec![],
                 footer_height: Abs::zero(),
             },
             span,
@@ -274,15 +296,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     pub fn layout(mut self, engine: &mut Engine) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
         self.measure_columns(engine)?;
 
-        if let Some(footer) = &self.grid.footer {
+        self.prepare_next_repeating_footers(true, engine)?;
-            if footer.repeated {
-                // Ensure rows in the first region will be aware of the
-                // possible presence of the footer.
-                self.prepare_footer(footer, engine, 0)?;
-                self.regions.size.y -= self.current.footer_height;
-                self.current.initial_after_repeats = self.regions.size.y;
-            }
-        }
 
         let mut y = 0;
         let mut consecutive_header_count = 0;
@@ -298,13 +312,15 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
                 }
             }
 
-            if let Some(footer) = &self.grid.footer {
+            if let [next_footer, other_footers @ ..] = self.upcoming_footers {
-                if footer.repeated && y >= footer.start {
+                // TODO(subfooters): effective range (consider gutter before
-                    if y == footer.start {
+                // if it was removed)
-                        self.layout_footer(footer, engine, self.finished.len())?;
+                if next_footer.range.contains(&y) {
+                    self.upcoming_footers = other_footers;
+                    self.place_new_footer(engine, next_footer)?;
                     self.flush_orphans();
-                    }
+                    y = next_footer.range.end;
-                    y = footer.end;
+
                     continue;
                 }
             }
@@ -1566,26 +1582,34 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
         // TODO(subfooters): explicitly check for short-lived footers.
         // TODO(subfooters): widow prevention for non-repeated footers with a
         // similar mechanism / when implementing multiple footers.
-        let footer_would_be_widow = matches!(&self.grid.footer, Some(footer) if footer.repeated)
+        // TODO(subfooters): could progress check must be replaced to consider
-            && self.current.lrows.is_empty()
+        // the presence of non-repeating footer (then always true).
-            && self.current.could_progress_at_top;
+        let may_place_footers = !self.repeating_footers.is_empty()
+            && (!self.current.lrows.is_empty() || !self.current.could_progress_at_top);
 
-        let mut laid_out_footer_start = None;
+        if may_place_footers {
-        if !footer_would_be_widow {
-            if let Some(footer) = &self.grid.footer {
             // Don't layout the footer if it would be alone with the header
             // in the page (hence the widow check), and don't layout it
-                // twice (check below).
+            // twice (it is removed from repeating_footers once it is
+            // reached).
             //
-                // TODO(subfooters): this check can be replaced by a vector of
+            // Use index for iteration to avoid borrow conflict.
-                // repeating footers in the future, and/or some "pending
+            //
-                // footers" vector for footers we're about to place.
+            // Note that repeating footers are in reverse order.
-                if footer.repeated
+            //
-                    && self.current.lrows.iter().all(|row| row.index() < footer.start)
+            // TODO(subfooters): "pending footers" vector for footers we're
+            // about to place. Needed for widow prevention of non-repeated
+            // footers.
+            let mut i = 0;
+            while let Some(footer_index) = self.repeating_footers.len().checked_sub(1 + i)
             {
-                    laid_out_footer_start = Some(footer.start);
+                self.layout_footer(
-                    self.layout_footer(footer, engine, self.finished.len())?;
+                    self.repeating_footers[footer_index],
-                }
+                    false,
+                    engine,
+                    self.finished.len(),
+                )?;
+                i += 1;
             }
         }
 
@@ -1684,11 +1708,23 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
                 // laid out at the first frame of the row).
                 // Any rowspans ending before this row are laid out even
                 // on this row's first frame.
-                if laid_out_footer_start.is_none_or(|footer_start| {
+                if (!may_place_footers
+                    || self.repeating_footers.iter().all(|footer| {
                         // If this is a footer row, then only lay out this rowspan
                         // if the rowspan is contained within the footer.
-                    y < footer_start || rowspan.y >= footer_start
+                        // Since the footer is a row from "the future", it
-                }) && (rowspan.y + rowspan.rowspan < y + 1
+                        // always has a larger Y than all active rowspans,
+                        // so we must not interpret a rowspan before it to have
+                        // already ended because we saw a repeated footer.
+                        //
+                        // Of course, not a concern for non-repeated or
+                        // short-lived footers as they only appear once.
+                        //
+                        // TODO(subfooters): use effective range
+                        // (what about the gutter?).
+                        !footer.range.contains(&y) || footer.range.contains(&rowspan.y)
+                    }))
+                    && (rowspan.y + rowspan.rowspan < y + 1
                         || rowspan.y + rowspan.rowspan == y + 1 && is_last)
                 {
                     // Rowspan ends at this or an earlier row, so we take
@@ -1732,25 +1768,18 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
         );
 
         if !last {
-            self.current.repeated_header_rows = 0;
-            self.current.last_repeated_header_end = 0;
-            self.current.repeating_header_height = Abs::zero();
-            self.current.repeating_header_heights.clear();
-
             let disambiguator = self.finished.len();
-            if let Some(footer) =
+            if !self.repeating_footers.is_empty() {
-                self.grid.footer.as_ref().and_then(Repeatable::as_repeated)
+                // TODO(subfooters): let's not...
-            {
+                let footers = self.repeating_footers.clone();
-                self.prepare_footer(footer, engine, disambiguator)?;
+                self.prepare_repeating_footers(
+                    footers.iter().copied(),
+                    true,
+                    engine,
+                    disambiguator,
+                )?;
             }
 
-            // Ensure rows don't try to overrun the footer.
-            // Note that header layout will only subtract this again if it has
-            // to skip regions to fit headers, so there is no risk of
-            // subtracting this twice.
-            self.regions.size.y -= self.current.footer_height;
-            self.current.initial_after_repeats = self.regions.size.y;
-
             if !self.repeating_headers.is_empty() || !self.pending_headers.is_empty() {
                 // Add headers to the new region.
                 self.layout_active_headers(engine)?;
@@ -1780,6 +1809,13 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
 
         self.current.could_progress_at_top = self.regions.may_progress();
 
+        self.current.repeated_header_rows = 0;
+        self.current.last_repeated_header_end = 0;
+        self.current.repeating_header_height = Abs::zero();
+        self.current.repeating_header_heights.clear();
+        self.current.footer_height = Abs::zero();
+        self.current.repeating_footer_heights.clear();
+
         if !self.grid.headers.is_empty() {
             self.finished_header_rows.push(header_row_info);
         }

crates/typst-layout/src/grid/lines.rs

@@ -512,15 +512,18 @@ pub fn hline_stroke_at_column(
     );
 
     // Prioritize the footer's top stroke as well where applicable.
+    // TODO(subfooters): do this properly (store footer rows)
     let bottom_stroke_comes_from_footer = grid
-        .footer
+        .footers
-        .as_ref()
+        .last()
         .and_then(Repeatable::as_repeated)
         .is_some_and(|footer| {
             // Ensure the row below us is a repeated footer.
             // FIXME: Make this check more robust when footers at arbitrary
             // positions are added.
-            local_top_y.unwrap_or(0) + 1 < footer.start && y >= footer.start
+            footer.range.end == grid.rows.len()
+                && local_top_y.unwrap_or(0) + 1 < footer.range.start
+                && y >= footer.range.start
         });
 
     let (prioritized_cell_stroke, deprioritized_cell_stroke) =
@@ -638,7 +641,7 @@ mod test {
             vec![],
             vec![],
             vec![],
-            None,
+            vec![],
             entries,
         )
     }
@@ -1176,7 +1179,7 @@ mod test {
             vec![],
             vec![],
             vec![],
-            None,
+            vec![],
             entries,
         )
     }

crates/typst-layout/src/grid/repeated.rs

@@ -240,16 +240,18 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
             self.current.initial_after_repeats = self.regions.size.y;
         }
 
-        if let Some(footer) = &self.grid.footer {
+        if !self.repeating_footers.is_empty() && skipped_region {
-            if footer.repeated && skipped_region {
             // Simulate the footer again; the region's 'full' might have
             // changed.
-                self.regions.size.y += self.current.footer_height;
+            let (footer_height, footer_heights) = self.simulate_footer_heights(
-                self.current.footer_height = self
+                self.repeating_footers.iter().copied(),
-                    .simulate_footer(footer, &self.regions, engine, disambiguator)?
+                &self.regions,
-                    .height;
+                engine,
-                self.regions.size.y -= self.current.footer_height;
+                disambiguator,
-            }
+            )?;
+
+            self.current.footer_height = footer_height;
+            self.current.repeating_footer_heights.extend(footer_heights);
         }
 
         let repeating_header_rows =
@@ -463,74 +465,243 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
         )
     }
 
-    /// Updates `self.footer_height` by simulating the footer, and skips to fitting region.
+    /// Place a footer we have reached through normal row layout.
-    pub fn prepare_footer(
+    pub fn place_new_footer(
         &mut self,
-        footer: &Footer,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        footer: &Repeatable<Footer>,
+    ) -> SourceResult<()> {
+        // TODO(subfooters): short-lived check
+        if !footer.repeated {
+            // TODO(subfooters): widow prevention for this.
+            // Will need some lookahead. For now, act as short-lived.
+            let footer_height =
+                self.simulate_footer(footer, &self.regions, engine, 0)?.height;
+
+            // Skip to fitting region where only this footer fits.
+            while self.unbreakable_rows_left == 0
+                && !self.regions.size.y.fits(footer_height)
+                && self.may_progress_with_repeats()
+            {
+                // Advance regions until we can place the footer.
+                // Treat as a normal row group.
+                self.finish_region(engine, false)?;
+            }
+
+            self.layout_footer(footer, true, engine, 0)?;
+        } else {
+            // Placing a non-short-lived repeating footer, so it must be
+            // the latest one in the repeating footers vector.
+            let latest_repeating_footer = self.repeating_footers.pop().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(latest_repeating_footer.range.start, footer.range.start);
+
+            let expected_footer_height =
+                self.current.repeating_footer_heights.pop().unwrap();
+
+            // Ensure upcoming rows won't see that this footer will occupy
+            // any space in future regions anymore.
+            self.current.footer_height -= expected_footer_height;
+
+            // Ensure footer rows have their own expected height
+            // available. While not that relevant for them, as they will be
+            // laid out as an unbreakable row group, it's relevant for any
+            // further rows in the same region.
+            self.regions.size.y += expected_footer_height;
+
+            self.layout_footer(footer, false, engine, self.finished.len())?;
+        }
+
+        // If the next group of footers would conflict with other repeating
+        // footers, wait for them to finish repeating before adding more to
+        // repeat.
+        if self.repeating_footers.is_empty()
+            || self
+                .upcoming_sorted_footers
+                .first()
+                .is_some_and(|f| f.level >= footer.level)
+        {
+            self.prepare_next_repeating_footers(false, engine)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Takes all non-conflicting consecutive footers which are about to start
+    /// repeating, skips to the first region where they all fit, and pushes
+    /// them to `repeating_footers`, sorted by ascending levels.
+    pub fn prepare_next_repeating_footers(
+        &mut self,
+        first_footers: bool,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+    ) -> SourceResult<()> {
+        let [next_footer, other_footers @ ..] = self.upcoming_sorted_footers else {
+            // No footers to take.
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        // TODO(subfooters): also ignore short-lived footers.
+        if !next_footer.repeated {
+            // Skip this footer and don't do anything until we get to it.
+            //
+            // TODO(subfooters): grouping and laying out non-repeated with
+            // repeated, with widow prevention.
+            self.upcoming_sorted_footers = other_footers;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        // Collect upcoming consecutive footers, they will start repeating with
+        // this one if compatible
+        let mut min_level = next_footer.level;
+        let first_conflicting_index = other_footers
+            .iter()
+            .take_while(|f| {
+                // TODO(subfooters): check for short-lived
+                let compatible = f.repeated && f.level > min_level;
+                min_level = f.level;
+                compatible
+            })
+            .count()
+            + 1;
+
+        let (next_repeating_footers, new_upcoming_footers) =
+            self.upcoming_sorted_footers.split_at(first_conflicting_index);
+
+        self.upcoming_sorted_footers = new_upcoming_footers;
+        self.prepare_repeating_footers(
+            next_repeating_footers.iter().map(Repeatable::deref),
+            first_footers,
+            engine,
+            0,
+        )?;
+
+        self.repeating_footers
+            .extend(next_repeating_footers.iter().filter_map(Repeatable::as_repeated));
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Updates `self.current.repeating_footer_height` by simulating repeating
+    /// footers, and skips to fitting region.
+    pub fn prepare_repeating_footers(
+        &mut self,
+        footers: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = &'a Footer> + Clone,
+        at_region_top: bool,
         engine: &mut Engine,
         disambiguator: usize,
     ) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let footer_height = self
+        let (mut expected_footer_height, mut expected_footer_heights) = self
-            .simulate_footer(footer, &self.regions, engine, disambiguator)?
+            .simulate_footer_heights(
-            .height;
+                footers.clone(),
+                &self.regions,
+                engine,
+                disambiguator,
+            )?;
+
+        // Skip to fitting region where all of them fit at once.
+        //
+        // Can't be widows: they are assumed to not be short-lived, so
+        // there is at least one non-footer before them, and this
+        // function is called right after placing a new footer, but
+        // before the next non-footer, or at the top of the region,
+        // at which point we haven't reached the row before the highest
+        // level footer yet since the footer itself won't cause a
+        // region break.
         let mut skipped_region = false;
         while self.unbreakable_rows_left == 0
-            && !self.regions.size.y.fits(footer_height)
+            && !self.regions.size.y.fits(expected_footer_height)
             && self.regions.may_progress()
         {
             // Advance regions without any output until we can place the
             // footer.
+            if at_region_top {
                 self.finish_region_internal(
                     Frame::soft(Axes::splat(Abs::zero())),
                     vec![],
                     Default::default(),
                 );
+            } else {
+                self.finish_region(engine, false)?;
+            }
             skipped_region = true;
         }
 
-        // TODO(subfooters): Consider resetting header height etc. if we skip
+        if skipped_region {
-        // region. (Maybe move that step to `finish_region_internal`.)
-        //
-        // That is unnecessary at the moment as 'prepare_footers' is only
-        // called at the start of the region, so header height is always zero
-        // and no headers were placed so far, but what about when we can have
-        // footers in the middle of the region? Let's think about this then.
-        self.current.footer_height = if skipped_region {
             // Simulate the footer again; the region's 'full' might have
-            // changed.
+            // changed, and the vector of heights was cleared.
-            self.simulate_footer(footer, &self.regions, engine, disambiguator)?
+            (expected_footer_height, expected_footer_heights) = self
-                .height
+                .simulate_footer_heights(footers, &self.regions, engine, disambiguator)?;
-        } else {
+        }
-            footer_height
+
-        };
+        // Ensure rows don't try to overrun the new footers.
+        // Note that header layout will only subtract this again if it has
+        // to skip regions to fit headers, so there is no risk of
+        // subtracting this twice.
+        self.regions.size.y -= expected_footer_height;
+        self.current.footer_height += expected_footer_height;
+        self.current.repeating_footer_heights.extend(expected_footer_heights);
+
+        if at_region_top {
+            self.current.initial_after_repeats = self.regions.size.y;
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn simulate_footer_heights(
+        &self,
+        footers: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = &'a Footer>,
+        regions: &Regions<'_>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        disambiguator: usize,
+    ) -> SourceResult<(Abs, Vec<Abs>)> {
+        let mut total_footer_height = Abs::zero();
+        let mut footer_heights = Vec::with_capacity(footers.len());
+        for footer in footers {
+            let footer_height =
+                self.simulate_footer(footer, regions, engine, disambiguator)?.height;
+
+            total_footer_height += footer_height;
+            footer_heights.push(footer_height);
+        }
+
+        Ok((total_footer_height, footer_heights))
+    }
+
     /// Lays out all rows in the footer.
     /// They are unbreakable.
     pub fn layout_footer(
         &mut self,
         footer: &Footer,
+        as_short_lived: bool,
         engine: &mut Engine,
         disambiguator: usize,
     ) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        // Ensure footer rows have their own height available.
+        let footer_len = footer.range.end - footer.range.start;
-        // Won't change much as we're creating an unbreakable row group
-        // anyway, so this is mostly for correctness.
-        self.regions.size.y += self.current.footer_height;
-
-        let repeats = self.grid.footer.as_ref().is_some_and(|f| f.repeated);
-        let footer_len = self.grid.rows.len() - footer.start;
         self.unbreakable_rows_left += footer_len;
 
-        for y in footer.start..self.grid.rows.len() {
+        let footer_start = if self.grid.is_gutter_track(footer.range.start)
+            && self
+                .current
+                .lrows
+                .last()
+                .is_none_or(|r| self.grid.is_gutter_track(r.index()))
+        {
+            // Skip gutter at the top of footer if there's already a gutter
+            // from a repeated header right before it in the current region.
+            // Normally, that shouldn't happen as it indicates we have a widow,
+            // but we can't fully prevent widows anyway.
+            footer.range.start + 1
+        } else {
+            footer.range.start
+        };
+
+        for y in footer_start..footer.range.end {
             self.layout_row_with_state(
                 y,
                 engine,
                 disambiguator,
                 RowState {
-                    in_active_repeatable: repeats,
+                    in_active_repeatable: !as_short_lived,
                     ..Default::default()
                 },
             )?;
@@ -553,8 +724,8 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
         // assume that the amount of unbreakable rows following the first row
         // in the footer will be precisely the rows in the footer.
         self.simulate_unbreakable_row_group(
-            footer.start,
+            footer.range.start,
-            Some(footer.end - footer.start),
+            Some(footer.range.end - footer.range.start),
             regions,
             engine,
             disambiguator,

crates/typst-layout/src/grid/rowspans.rs

@@ -234,24 +234,12 @@ impl GridLayouter<'_> {
         engine: &mut Engine,
     ) -> SourceResult<()> {
         if self.unbreakable_rows_left == 0 {
+            let row_group = self.simulate_unbreakable_row_group(
+                current_row,
                 // By default, the amount of unbreakable rows starting at the
                 // current row is dynamic and depends on the amount of upcoming
                 // unbreakable cells (with or without a rowspan setting).
-            let mut amount_unbreakable_rows = None;
+                None,
-            if let Some(footer) = &self.grid.footer {
-                if !footer.repeated && current_row >= footer.start {
-                    // Non-repeated footer, so keep it unbreakable.
-                    //
-                    // TODO(subfooters): This will become unnecessary
-                    // once non-repeated footers are treated differently and
-                    // have widow prevention.
-                    amount_unbreakable_rows = Some(self.grid.rows.len() - footer.start);
-                }
-            }
-
-            let row_group = self.simulate_unbreakable_row_group(
-                current_row,
-                amount_unbreakable_rows,
                 &self.regions,
                 engine,
                 0,
@@ -400,7 +388,8 @@ impl GridLayouter<'_> {
             if breakable
                 && (!self.repeating_headers.is_empty()
                     || !self.pending_headers.is_empty()
-                    || matches!(&self.grid.footer, Some(footer) if footer.repeated))
+                    // TODO(subfooters): pending footers
+                    || !self.repeating_footers.is_empty())
             {
                 // Subtract header and footer height from all upcoming regions
                 // when measuring the cell, including the last repeated region.
@@ -1176,14 +1165,23 @@ impl<'a> RowspanSimulator<'a> {
             (None, Abs::zero())
         };
 
-        let footer_height = if let Some(footer) =
+        let (repeating_footers, footer_height) = if layouter.repeating_footers.is_empty()
-            layouter.grid.footer.as_ref().and_then(Repeatable::as_repeated)
         {
-            layouter
+            (None, Abs::zero())
-                .simulate_footer(footer, &self.regions, engine, disambiguator)?
-                .height
         } else {
-            Abs::zero()
+            // Only repeating footers have survived after the first region
+            // break.
+            // TODO(subfooters): consider pending footers
+            let repeating_footers = layouter.repeating_footers.iter().copied();
+
+            let (footer_height, _) = layouter.simulate_footer_heights(
+                repeating_footers.clone(),
+                &self.regions,
+                engine,
+                disambiguator,
+            )?;
+
+            (Some(repeating_footers), footer_height)
         };
 
         let mut skipped_region = false;
@@ -1212,15 +1210,18 @@ impl<'a> RowspanSimulator<'a> {
             };
         }
 
-        if let Some(footer) =
+        if let Some(repeating_footers) = repeating_footers {
-            layouter.grid.footer.as_ref().and_then(Repeatable::as_repeated)
-        {
             self.footer_height = if skipped_region {
                 // Simulate footers again, at the new region, as
                 // the full region height may change.
                 layouter
-                    .simulate_footer(footer, &self.regions, engine, disambiguator)?
+                    .simulate_footer_heights(
-                    .height
+                        repeating_footers,
+                        &self.regions,
+                        engine,
+                        disambiguator,
+                    )?
+                    .0
             } else {
                 footer_height
             };

crates/typst-layout/src/inline/line.rs

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ fn collect_items<'a>(
     // Add fallback text to expand the line height, if necessary.
     if !items.iter().any(|item| matches!(item, Item::Text(_))) {
         if let Some(fallback) = fallback {
-            items.push(fallback);
+            items.push(fallback, usize::MAX);
         }
     }
 
@@ -270,10 +270,10 @@ fn collect_range<'a>(
     items: &mut Items<'a>,
     fallback: &mut Option<ItemEntry<'a>>,
 ) {
-    for (subrange, item) in p.slice(range.clone()) {
+    for (idx, (subrange, item)) in p.slice(range.clone()).enumerate() {
         // All non-text items are just kept, they can't be split.
         let Item::Text(shaped) = item else {
-            items.push(item);
+            items.push(item, idx);
             continue;
         };
 
@@ -293,10 +293,10 @@ fn collect_range<'a>(
         } else if split {
             // When the item is split in half, reshape it.
             let reshaped = shaped.reshape(engine, sliced);
-            items.push(Item::Text(reshaped));
+            items.push(Item::Text(reshaped), idx);
         } else {
             // When the item is fully contained, just keep it.
-            items.push(item);
+            items.push(item, idx);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -499,16 +499,16 @@ pub fn commit(
 
     // Build the frames and determine the height and baseline.
     let mut frames = vec![];
-    for item in line.items.iter() {
+    for &(idx, ref item) in line.items.indexed_iter() {
-        let mut push = |offset: &mut Abs, frame: Frame| {
+        let mut push = |offset: &mut Abs, frame: Frame, idx: usize| {
             let width = frame.width();
             top.set_max(frame.baseline());
             bottom.set_max(frame.size().y - frame.baseline());
-            frames.push((*offset, frame));
+            frames.push((*offset, frame, idx));
             *offset += width;
         };
 
-        match item {
+        match &**item {
             Item::Absolute(v, _) => {
                 offset += *v;
             }
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ pub fn commit(
                         layout_box(elem, engine, loc.relayout(), styles, region)
                     })?;
                     apply_baseline_shift(&mut frame, *styles);
-                    push(&mut offset, frame);
+                    push(&mut offset, frame, idx);
                 } else {
                     offset += amount;
                 }
@@ -532,15 +532,15 @@ pub fn commit(
                     justification_ratio,
                     extra_justification,
                 );
-                push(&mut offset, frame);
+                push(&mut offset, frame, idx);
             }
             Item::Frame(frame) => {
-                push(&mut offset, frame.clone());
+                push(&mut offset, frame.clone(), idx);
             }
             Item::Tag(tag) => {
                 let mut frame = Frame::soft(Size::zero());
                 frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Tag((*tag).clone()));
-                frames.push((offset, frame));
+                frames.push((offset, frame, idx));
             }
             Item::Skip(_) => {}
         }
@@ -559,8 +559,13 @@ pub fn commit(
         add_par_line_marker(&mut output, marker, engine, locator, top);
     }
 
+    // Ensure that the final frame's items are in logical order rather than in
+    // visual order. This is important because it affects the order of elements
+    // during introspection and thus things like counters.
+    frames.sort_unstable_by_key(|(_, _, idx)| *idx);
+
     // Construct the line's frame.
-    for (offset, frame) in frames {
+    for (offset, frame, _) in frames {
         let x = offset + p.config.align.position(remaining);
         let y = top - frame.baseline();
         output.push_frame(Point::new(x, y), frame);
@@ -627,7 +632,7 @@ fn overhang(c: char) -> f64 {
 }
 
 /// A collection of owned or borrowed inline items.
-pub struct Items<'a>(Vec<ItemEntry<'a>>);
+pub struct Items<'a>(Vec<(usize, ItemEntry<'a>)>);
 
 impl<'a> Items<'a> {
     /// Create empty items.
@@ -636,33 +641,38 @@ impl<'a> Items<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Push a new item.
-    pub fn push(&mut self, entry: impl Into<ItemEntry<'a>>) {
+    pub fn push(&mut self, entry: impl Into<ItemEntry<'a>>, idx: usize) {
-        self.0.push(entry.into());
+        self.0.push((idx, entry.into()));
     }
 
-    /// Iterate over the items
+    /// Iterate over the items.
     pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Item<'a>> {
-        self.0.iter().map(|item| &**item)
+        self.0.iter().map(|(_, item)| &**item)
+    }
+
+    /// Iterate over the items with indices
+    pub fn indexed_iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &(usize, ItemEntry<'a>)> {
+        self.0.iter()
     }
 
     /// Access the first item.
     pub fn first(&self) -> Option<&Item<'a>> {
-        self.0.first().map(|item| &**item)
+        self.0.first().map(|(_, item)| &**item)
     }
 
     /// Access the last item.
     pub fn last(&self) -> Option<&Item<'a>> {
-        self.0.last().map(|item| &**item)
+        self.0.last().map(|(_, item)| &**item)
     }
 
     /// Access the first item mutably, if it is text.
     pub fn first_text_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ShapedText<'a>> {
-        self.0.first_mut()?.text_mut()
+        self.0.first_mut()?.1.text_mut()
     }
 
     /// Access the last item mutably, if it is text.
     pub fn last_text_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ShapedText<'a>> {
-        self.0.last_mut()?.text_mut()
+        self.0.last_mut()?.1.text_mut()
     }
 
     /// Reorder the items starting at the given index to RTL.
@@ -673,12 +683,12 @@ impl<'a> Items<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> FromIterator<ItemEntry<'a>> for Items<'a> {
     fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = ItemEntry<'a>>>(iter: I) -> Self {
-        Self(iter.into_iter().collect())
+        Self(iter.into_iter().enumerate().collect())
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Deref for Items<'a> {
-    type Target = Vec<ItemEntry<'a>>;
+    type Target = Vec<(usize, ItemEntry<'a>)>;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
         &self.0
@@ -698,6 +708,10 @@ impl Debug for Items<'_> {
 }
 
 /// A reference to or a boxed item.
+///
+/// This is conceptually similar to a [`Cow<'a, Item<'a>>`][std::borrow::Cow],
+/// but we box owned items since an [`Item`] is much bigger than
+/// a box.
 pub enum ItemEntry<'a> {
     Ref(&'a Item<'a>),
     Box(Box<Item<'a>>),

crates/typst-layout/src/shapes.rs

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ use typst_library::layout::{
 };
 use typst_library::visualize::{
     CircleElem, CloseMode, Curve, CurveComponent, CurveElem, EllipseElem, FillRule,
-    FixedStroke, Geometry, LineElem, Paint, PathElem, PathVertex, PolygonElem, RectElem,
+    FixedStroke, Geometry, LineCap, LineElem, Paint, PathElem, PathVertex, PolygonElem,
-    Shape, SquareElem, Stroke,
+    RectElem, Shape, SquareElem, Stroke,
 };
 use typst_syntax::Span;
 use typst_utils::{Get, Numeric};
@@ -889,7 +889,13 @@ fn segmented_rect(
             let end = current;
             last = current;
             let Some(stroke) = strokes.get_ref(start.side_cw()) else { continue };
-            let (shape, ontop) = segment(start, end, &corners, stroke);
+            let start_cap = stroke.cap;
+            let end_cap = match strokes.get_ref(end.side_ccw()) {
+                Some(stroke) => stroke.cap,
+                None => start_cap,
+            };
+            let (shape, ontop) =
+                segment(start, end, start_cap, end_cap, &corners, stroke);
             if ontop {
                 res.push(shape);
             } else {
@@ -899,7 +905,14 @@ fn segmented_rect(
         }
     } else if let Some(stroke) = &strokes.top {
         // single segment
-        let (shape, _) = segment(Corner::TopLeft, Corner::TopLeft, &corners, stroke);
+        let (shape, _) = segment(
+            Corner::TopLeft,
+            Corner::TopLeft,
+            stroke.cap,
+            stroke.cap,
+            &corners,
+            stroke,
+        );
         res.push(shape);
     }
     res
@@ -946,6 +959,8 @@ fn curve_segment(
 fn segment(
     start: Corner,
     end: Corner,
+    start_cap: LineCap,
+    end_cap: LineCap,
     corners: &Corners<ControlPoints>,
     stroke: &FixedStroke,
 ) -> (Shape, bool) {
@@ -979,7 +994,7 @@ fn segment(
 
     let use_fill = solid && fill_corners(start, end, corners);
     let shape = if use_fill {
-        fill_segment(start, end, corners, stroke)
+        fill_segment(start, end, start_cap, end_cap, corners, stroke)
     } else {
         stroke_segment(start, end, corners, stroke.clone())
     };
@@ -1010,6 +1025,8 @@ fn stroke_segment(
 fn fill_segment(
     start: Corner,
     end: Corner,
+    start_cap: LineCap,
+    end_cap: LineCap,
     corners: &Corners<ControlPoints>,
     stroke: &FixedStroke,
 ) -> Shape {
@@ -1035,8 +1052,7 @@ fn fill_segment(
         if c.arc_outer() {
             curve.arc_line(c.mid_outer(), c.center_outer(), c.end_outer());
         } else {
-            curve.line(c.outer());
+            c.start_cap(&mut curve, start_cap);
-            curve.line(c.end_outer());
         }
     }
 
@@ -1079,7 +1095,7 @@ fn fill_segment(
         if c.arc_inner() {
             curve.arc_line(c.mid_inner(), c.center_inner(), c.start_inner());
         } else {
-            curve.line(c.center_inner());
+            c.end_cap(&mut curve, end_cap);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1134,6 +1150,16 @@ struct ControlPoints {
 }
 
 impl ControlPoints {
+    /// Rotate point around the origin, relative to the top-left.
+    fn rotate_centered(&self, point: Point) -> Point {
+        match self.corner {
+            Corner::TopLeft => point,
+            Corner::TopRight => Point { x: -point.y, y: point.x },
+            Corner::BottomRight => Point { x: -point.x, y: -point.y },
+            Corner::BottomLeft => Point { x: point.y, y: -point.x },
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Move and rotate the point from top-left to the required corner.
     fn rotate(&self, point: Point) -> Point {
         match self.corner {
@@ -1280,6 +1306,77 @@ impl ControlPoints {
             y: self.stroke_after,
         })
     }
+
+    /// Draw the cap at the beginning of the segment.
+    ///
+    /// If this corner has a stroke before it,
+    /// a default "butt" cap is used.
+    ///
+    /// NOTE: doesn't support the case where the corner has a radius.
+    pub fn start_cap(&self, curve: &mut Curve, cap_type: LineCap) {
+        if self.stroke_before != Abs::zero()
+            || self.radius != Abs::zero()
+            || cap_type == LineCap::Butt
+        {
+            // Just the default cap.
+            curve.line(self.outer());
+        } else if cap_type == LineCap::Square {
+            // Extend by the stroke width.
+            let offset =
+                self.rotate_centered(Point { x: -self.stroke_after, y: Abs::zero() });
+            curve.line(self.end_inner() + offset);
+            curve.line(self.outer() + offset);
+        } else if cap_type == LineCap::Round {
+            // We push the center by a little bit to ensure the correct
+            // half of the circle gets drawn. If it is perfectly centered
+            // the `arc` function just degenerates into a line, which we
+            // do not want in this case.
+            curve.arc(
+                self.end_inner(),
+                (self.end_inner()
+                    + self.rotate_centered(Point { x: Abs::raw(1.0), y: Abs::zero() })
+                    + self.outer())
+                    / 2.,
+                self.outer(),
+            );
+        }
+        curve.line(self.end_outer());
+    }
+
+    /// Draw the cap at the end of the segment.
+    ///
+    /// If this corner has a stroke before it,
+    /// a default "butt" cap is used.
+    ///
+    /// NOTE: doesn't support the case where the corner has a radius.
+    pub fn end_cap(&self, curve: &mut Curve, cap_type: LineCap) {
+        if self.stroke_after != Abs::zero()
+            || self.radius != Abs::zero()
+            || cap_type == LineCap::Butt
+        {
+            // Just the default cap.
+            curve.line(self.center_inner());
+        } else if cap_type == LineCap::Square {
+            // Extend by the stroke width.
+            let offset =
+                self.rotate_centered(Point { x: Abs::zero(), y: -self.stroke_before });
+            curve.line(self.outer() + offset);
+            curve.line(self.center_inner() + offset);
+        } else if cap_type == LineCap::Round {
+            // We push the center by a little bit to ensure the correct
+            // half of the circle gets drawn. If it is perfectly centered
+            // the `arc` function just degenerates into a line, which we
+            // do not want in this case.
+            curve.arc(
+                self.outer(),
+                (self.outer()
+                    + self.rotate_centered(Point { x: Abs::zero(), y: Abs::raw(1.0) })
+                    + self.center_inner())
+                    / 2.,
+                self.center_inner(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Helper to draw arcs with Bézier curves.

crates/typst-library/src/foundations/cast.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use std::ops::Add;
 
 use ecow::eco_format;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned, SyntaxMode};
 use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
 
 use crate::diag::{At, HintedStrResult, HintedString, SourceResult, StrResult};
@@ -459,6 +459,21 @@ impl FromValue for Never {
     }
 }
 
+cast! {
+    SyntaxMode,
+    self => IntoValue::into_value(match self {
+        SyntaxMode::Markup => "markup",
+        SyntaxMode::Math => "math",
+        SyntaxMode::Code => "code",
+    }),
+    /// Evaluate as markup, as in a Typst file.
+    "markup" => SyntaxMode::Markup,
+    /// Evaluate as math, as in an equation.
+    "math" => SyntaxMode::Math,
+    /// Evaluate as code, as after a hash.
+    "code" => SyntaxMode::Code,
+}
+
 cast! {
     MathClass,
     self => IntoValue::into_value(match self {

crates/typst-library/src/foundations/duration.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,21 @@ impl Duration {
     pub fn is_zero(&self) -> bool {
         self.0.is_zero()
     }
+
+    /// Decomposes the time into whole weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
+    pub fn decompose(&self) -> [i64; 5] {
+        let mut tmp = self.0;
+        let weeks = tmp.whole_weeks();
+        tmp -= weeks.weeks();
+        let days = tmp.whole_days();
+        tmp -= days.days();
+        let hours = tmp.whole_hours();
+        tmp -= hours.hours();
+        let minutes = tmp.whole_minutes();
+        tmp -= minutes.minutes();
+        let seconds = tmp.whole_seconds();
+        [weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds]
+    }
 }
 
 #[scope]
@@ -118,34 +133,25 @@ impl Debug for Duration {
 
 impl Repr for Duration {
     fn repr(&self) -> EcoString {
-        let mut tmp = self.0;
+        let [weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds] = self.decompose();
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(5);
 
-        let weeks = tmp.whole_seconds() / 604_800.0 as i64;
         if weeks != 0 {
             vec.push(eco_format!("weeks: {}", weeks.repr()));
         }
-        tmp -= weeks.weeks();
 
-        let days = tmp.whole_days();
         if days != 0 {
             vec.push(eco_format!("days: {}", days.repr()));
         }
-        tmp -= days.days();
 
-        let hours = tmp.whole_hours();
         if hours != 0 {
             vec.push(eco_format!("hours: {}", hours.repr()));
         }
-        tmp -= hours.hours();
 
-        let minutes = tmp.whole_minutes();
         if minutes != 0 {
             vec.push(eco_format!("minutes: {}", minutes.repr()));
         }
-        tmp -= minutes.minutes();
 
-        let seconds = tmp.whole_seconds();
         if seconds != 0 {
             vec.push(eco_format!("seconds: {}", seconds.repr()));
         }

crates/typst-library/src/foundations/float.rs

@@ -210,3 +210,25 @@ cast! {
 fn parse_float(s: EcoString) -> Result<f64, ParseFloatError> {
     s.replace(repr::MINUS_SIGN, "-").parse()
 }
+
+/// A floating-point number that must be positive (strictly larger than zero).
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct PositiveF64(f64);
+
+impl PositiveF64 {
+    /// Wrap a float if it is positive.
+    pub fn new(value: f64) -> Option<Self> {
+        (value > 0.0).then_some(Self(value))
+    }
+
+    /// Get the underlying value.
+    pub fn get(self) -> f64 {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+cast! {
+    PositiveF64,
+    self => self.get().into_value(),
+    v: f64 => Self::new(v).ok_or("number must be positive")?,
+}

crates/typst-library/src/foundations/func.rs

@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ impl Func {
     ) -> SourceResult<Value> {
         match &self.repr {
             Repr::Native(native) => {
-                let value = (native.function)(engine, context, &mut args)?;
+                let value = (native.function.0)(engine, context, &mut args)?;
                 args.finish()?;
                 Ok(value)
             }
@@ -491,8 +491,8 @@ pub trait NativeFunc {
 /// Defines a native function.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct NativeFuncData {
-    /// Invokes the function from Typst.
+    /// The implementation of the function.
-    pub function: fn(&mut Engine, Tracked<Context>, &mut Args) -> SourceResult<Value>,
+    pub function: NativeFuncPtr,
     /// The function's normal name (e.g. `align`), as exposed to Typst.
     pub name: &'static str,
     /// The function's title case name (e.g. `Align`).
@@ -504,11 +504,11 @@ pub struct NativeFuncData {
     /// Whether this function makes use of context.
     pub contextual: bool,
     /// Definitions in the scope of the function.
-    pub scope: LazyLock<Scope>,
+    pub scope: DynLazyLock<Scope>,
     /// A list of parameter information for each parameter.
-    pub params: LazyLock<Vec<ParamInfo>>,
+    pub params: DynLazyLock<Vec<ParamInfo>>,
     /// Information about the return value of this function.
-    pub returns: LazyLock<CastInfo>,
+    pub returns: DynLazyLock<CastInfo>,
 }
 
 cast! {
@@ -516,6 +516,28 @@ cast! {
     self => Func::from(self).into_value(),
 }
 
+/// A pointer to a native function's implementation.
+pub struct NativeFuncPtr(pub &'static NativeFuncSignature);
+
+/// The signature of a native function's implementation.
+type NativeFuncSignature =
+    dyn Fn(&mut Engine, Tracked<Context>, &mut Args) -> SourceResult<Value> + Send + Sync;
+
+impl Debug for NativeFuncPtr {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.pad("NativeFuncPtr(..)")
+    }
+}
+
+/// A `LazyLock` that uses a static closure for initialization instead of only
+/// working with function pointers.
+///
+/// Can be created from a normal function or closure by prepending with a `&`,
+/// e.g. `LazyLock::new(&|| "hello")`. Can be created from a dynamic closure
+/// by allocating and then leaking it. This is equivalent to having it
+/// statically allocated, but allows for it to be generated at runtime.
+type DynLazyLock<T> = LazyLock<T, &'static (dyn Fn() -> T + Send + Sync)>;
+
 /// Describes a function parameter.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ParamInfo {

crates/typst-library/src/foundations/label.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use typst_utils::{PicoStr, ResolvedPicoStr};
 
-use crate::foundations::{func, scope, ty, Repr, Str};
+use crate::diag::StrResult;
+use crate::foundations::{bail, func, scope, ty, Repr, Str};
 
 /// A label for an element.
 ///
@@ -27,7 +28,8 @@ use crate::foundations::{func, scope, ty, Repr, Str};
 /// # Syntax
 /// This function also has dedicated syntax: You can create a label by enclosing
 /// its name in angle brackets. This works both in markup and code. A label's
-/// name can contain letters, numbers, `_`, `-`, `:`, and `.`.
+/// name can contain letters, numbers, `_`, `-`, `:`, and `.`. A label cannot
+/// be empty.
 ///
 /// Note that there is a syntactical difference when using the dedicated syntax
 /// for this function. In the code below, the `[<a>]` terminates the heading and
@@ -50,8 +52,11 @@ pub struct Label(PicoStr);
 
 impl Label {
     /// Creates a label from an interned string.
-    pub fn new(name: PicoStr) -> Self {
+    ///
-        Self(name)
+    /// Returns `None` if the given string is empty.
+    pub fn new(name: PicoStr) -> Option<Self> {
+        const EMPTY: PicoStr = PicoStr::constant("");
+        (name != EMPTY).then_some(Self(name))
     }
 
     /// Resolves the label to a string.
@@ -70,16 +75,25 @@ impl Label {
     /// Creates a label from a string.
     #[func(constructor)]
     pub fn construct(
-        /// The name of the label.
+        /// The name of the label. Must not be empty.
         name: Str,
-    ) -> Label {
+    ) -> StrResult<Label> {
-        Self(PicoStr::intern(name.as_str()))
+        if name.is_empty() {
+            bail!("label name must not be empty");
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self(PicoStr::intern(name.as_str())))
     }
 }
 
 impl Repr for Label {
     fn repr(&self) -> EcoString {
-        eco_format!("<{}>", self.resolve())
+        let resolved = self.resolve();
+        if typst_syntax::is_valid_label_literal_id(&resolved) {
+            eco_format!("<{resolved}>")
+        } else {
+            eco_format!("label({})", resolved.repr())
+        }
     }
 }
 

crates/typst-library/src/foundations/mod.rs

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ pub use self::ty::*;
 pub use self::value::*;
 pub use self::version::*;
 pub use typst_macros::{scope, ty};
+use typst_syntax::SyntaxMode;
 
 #[rustfmt::skip]
 #[doc(hidden)]
@@ -83,7 +84,6 @@ use typst_syntax::Spanned;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::routines::EvalMode;
 use crate::{Feature, Features};
 
 /// Hook up all `foundations` definitions.
@@ -273,8 +273,8 @@ pub fn eval(
     /// #eval("1_2^3", mode: "math")
     /// ```
     #[named]
-    #[default(EvalMode::Code)]
+    #[default(SyntaxMode::Code)]
-    mode: EvalMode,
+    mode: SyntaxMode,
     /// A scope of definitions that are made available.
     ///
     /// ```example

crates/typst-library/src/foundations/module.rs

@@ -19,11 +19,8 @@ use crate::foundations::{repr, ty, Content, Scope, Value};
 ///
 /// You can access definitions from the module using [field access
 /// notation]($scripting/#fields) and interact with it using the [import and
-/// include syntaxes]($scripting/#modules). Alternatively, it is possible to
+/// include syntaxes]($scripting/#modules).
-/// convert a module to a dictionary, and therefore access its contents
-/// dynamically, using the [dictionary constructor]($dictionary/#constructor).
 ///
-/// # Example
 /// ```example
 /// <<< #import "utils.typ"
 /// <<< #utils.add(2, 5)
@@ -34,6 +31,20 @@ use crate::foundations::{repr, ty, Content, Scope, Value};
 /// >>>
 /// >>> #(-3)
 /// ```
+///
+/// You can check whether a definition is present in a module using the `{in}`
+/// operator, with a string on the left-hand side. This can be useful to
+/// [conditionally access]($category/foundations/std/#conditional-access)
+/// definitions in a module.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// #("table" in std) \
+/// #("nope" in std)
+/// ```
+///
+/// Alternatively, it is possible to convert a module to a dictionary, and
+/// therefore access its contents dynamically, using the [dictionary
+/// constructor]($dictionary/#constructor).
 #[ty(cast)]
 #[derive(Clone, Hash)]
 #[allow(clippy::derived_hash_with_manual_eq)]

crates/typst-library/src/foundations/ops.rs

@@ -558,6 +558,7 @@ pub fn contains(lhs: &Value, rhs: &Value) -> Option<bool> {
         (Str(a), Str(b)) => Some(b.as_str().contains(a.as_str())),
         (Dyn(a), Str(b)) => a.downcast::<Regex>().map(|regex| regex.is_match(b)),
         (Str(a), Dict(b)) => Some(b.contains(a)),
+        (Str(a), Module(b)) => Some(b.scope().get(a).is_some()),
         (a, Array(b)) => Some(b.contains(a.clone())),
 
         _ => Option::None,

crates/typst-library/src/foundations/symbol.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use serde::{Serialize, Serializer};
 use typst_syntax::{is_ident, Span, Spanned};
 use typst_utils::hash128;
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult, StrResult};
+use crate::diag::{bail, DeprecationSink, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
     cast, elem, func, scope, ty, Array, Content, Func, NativeElement, NativeFunc, Packed,
     PlainText, Repr as _,
@@ -54,18 +54,22 @@ enum Repr {
     /// A native symbol that has no named variant.
     Single(char),
     /// A native symbol with multiple named variants.
-    Complex(&'static [(ModifierSet<&'static str>, char)]),
+    Complex(&'static [Variant<&'static str>]),
     /// A symbol with multiple named variants, where some modifiers may have
     /// been applied. Also used for symbols defined at runtime by the user with
     /// no modifier applied.
     Modified(Arc<(List, ModifierSet<EcoString>)>),
 }
 
+/// A symbol variant, consisting of a set of modifiers, a character, and an
+/// optional deprecation message.
+type Variant<S> = (ModifierSet<S>, char, Option<S>);
+
 /// A collection of symbols.
 #[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 enum List {
-    Static(&'static [(ModifierSet<&'static str>, char)]),
+    Static(&'static [Variant<&'static str>]),
-    Runtime(Box<[(ModifierSet<EcoString>, char)]>),
+    Runtime(Box<[Variant<EcoString>]>),
 }
 
 impl Symbol {
@@ -76,14 +80,14 @@ impl Symbol {
 
     /// Create a symbol with a static variant list.
     #[track_caller]
-    pub const fn list(list: &'static [(ModifierSet<&'static str>, char)]) -> Self {
+    pub const fn list(list: &'static [Variant<&'static str>]) -> Self {
         debug_assert!(!list.is_empty());
         Self(Repr::Complex(list))
     }
 
     /// Create a symbol with a runtime variant list.
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn runtime(list: Box<[(ModifierSet<EcoString>, char)]>) -> Self {
+    pub fn runtime(list: Box<[Variant<EcoString>]>) -> Self {
         debug_assert!(!list.is_empty());
         Self(Repr::Modified(Arc::new((List::Runtime(list), ModifierSet::default()))))
     }
@@ -93,9 +97,11 @@ impl Symbol {
         match &self.0 {
             Repr::Single(c) => *c,
             Repr::Complex(_) => ModifierSet::<&'static str>::default()
-                .best_match_in(self.variants())
+                .best_match_in(self.variants().map(|(m, c, _)| (m, c)))
                 .unwrap(),
-            Repr::Modified(arc) => arc.1.best_match_in(self.variants()).unwrap(),
+            Repr::Modified(arc) => {
+                arc.1.best_match_in(self.variants().map(|(m, c, _)| (m, c))).unwrap()
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -128,7 +134,11 @@ impl Symbol {
     }
 
     /// Apply a modifier to the symbol.
-    pub fn modified(mut self, modifier: &str) -> StrResult<Self> {
+    pub fn modified(
+        mut self,
+        sink: impl DeprecationSink,
+        modifier: &str,
+    ) -> StrResult<Self> {
         if let Repr::Complex(list) = self.0 {
             self.0 =
                 Repr::Modified(Arc::new((List::Static(list), ModifierSet::default())));
@@ -137,7 +147,12 @@ impl Symbol {
         if let Repr::Modified(arc) = &mut self.0 {
             let (list, modifiers) = Arc::make_mut(arc);
             modifiers.insert_raw(modifier);
-            if modifiers.best_match_in(list.variants()).is_some() {
+            if let Some(deprecation) =
+                modifiers.best_match_in(list.variants().map(|(m, _, d)| (m, d)))
+            {
+                if let Some(message) = deprecation {
+                    sink.emit(message)
+                }
                 return Ok(self);
             }
         }
@@ -146,7 +161,7 @@ impl Symbol {
     }
 
     /// The characters that are covered by this symbol.
-    pub fn variants(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (ModifierSet<&str>, char)> {
+    pub fn variants(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Variant<&str>> {
         match &self.0 {
             Repr::Single(c) => Variants::Single(Some(*c).into_iter()),
             Repr::Complex(list) => Variants::Static(list.iter()),
@@ -161,7 +176,7 @@ impl Symbol {
             _ => ModifierSet::default(),
         };
         self.variants()
-            .flat_map(|(m, _)| m)
+            .flat_map(|(m, _, _)| m)
             .filter(|modifier| !modifier.is_empty() && !modifiers.contains(modifier))
             .collect::<BTreeSet<_>>()
             .into_iter()
@@ -256,7 +271,7 @@ impl Symbol {
 
         let list = variants
             .into_iter()
-            .map(|s| (ModifierSet::from_raw_dotted(s.v.0), s.v.1))
+            .map(|s| (ModifierSet::from_raw_dotted(s.v.0), s.v.1, None))
             .collect();
         Ok(Symbol::runtime(list))
     }
@@ -316,17 +331,17 @@ impl crate::foundations::Repr for Symbol {
 }
 
 fn repr_variants<'a>(
-    variants: impl Iterator<Item = (ModifierSet<&'a str>, char)>,
+    variants: impl Iterator<Item = Variant<&'a str>>,
     applied_modifiers: ModifierSet<&str>,
 ) -> String {
     crate::foundations::repr::pretty_array_like(
         &variants
-            .filter(|(modifiers, _)| {
+            .filter(|(modifiers, _, _)| {
                 // Only keep variants that can still be accessed, i.e., variants
                 // that contain all applied modifiers.
                 applied_modifiers.iter().all(|am| modifiers.contains(am))
             })
-            .map(|(modifiers, c)| {
+            .map(|(modifiers, c, _)| {
                 let trimmed_modifiers =
                     modifiers.into_iter().filter(|&m| !applied_modifiers.contains(m));
                 if trimmed_modifiers.clone().all(|m| m.is_empty()) {
@@ -379,18 +394,20 @@ cast! {
 /// Iterator over variants.
 enum Variants<'a> {
     Single(std::option::IntoIter<char>),
-    Static(std::slice::Iter<'static, (ModifierSet<&'static str>, char)>),
+    Static(std::slice::Iter<'static, Variant<&'static str>>),
-    Runtime(std::slice::Iter<'a, (ModifierSet<EcoString>, char)>),
+    Runtime(std::slice::Iter<'a, Variant<EcoString>>),
 }
 
 impl<'a> Iterator for Variants<'a> {
-    type Item = (ModifierSet<&'a str>, char);
+    type Item = Variant<&'a str>;
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         match self {
-            Self::Single(iter) => Some((ModifierSet::default(), iter.next()?)),
+            Self::Single(iter) => Some((ModifierSet::default(), iter.next()?, None)),
             Self::Static(list) => list.next().copied(),
-            Self::Runtime(list) => list.next().map(|(m, c)| (m.as_deref(), *c)),
+            Self::Runtime(list) => {
+                list.next().map(|(m, c, d)| (m.as_deref(), *c, d.as_deref()))
+            }
         }
     }
 }

crates/typst-library/src/foundations/value.rs

@@ -157,7 +157,9 @@ impl Value {
     /// Try to access a field on the value.
     pub fn field(&self, field: &str, sink: impl DeprecationSink) -> StrResult<Value> {
         match self {
-            Self::Symbol(symbol) => symbol.clone().modified(field).map(Self::Symbol),
+            Self::Symbol(symbol) => {
+                symbol.clone().modified(sink, field).map(Self::Symbol)
+            }
             Self::Version(version) => version.component(field).map(Self::Int),
             Self::Dict(dict) => dict.get(field).cloned(),
             Self::Content(content) => content.field_by_name(field),

crates/typst-library/src/html/dom.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use typst_utils::{PicoStr, ResolvedPicoStr};
 use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{cast, Dict, Repr, Str};
 use crate::introspection::{Introspector, Tag};
-use crate::layout::Frame;
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Frame};
 use crate::model::DocumentInfo;
 
 /// An HTML document.
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ pub enum HtmlNode {
     Text(EcoString, Span),
     /// Another element.
     Element(HtmlElement),
-    /// A frame that will be displayed as an embedded SVG.
+    /// Layouted content that will be embedded into HTML as an SVG.
-    Frame(Frame),
+    Frame(HtmlFrame),
 }
 
 impl HtmlNode {
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ cast! {
         .collect::<HintedStrResult<_>>()?),
 }
 
-/// An attribute of an HTML.
+/// An attribute of an HTML element.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct HtmlAttr(PicoStr);
 
@@ -263,6 +263,17 @@ cast! {
     v: Str => Self::intern(&v)?,
 }
 
+/// Layouted content that will be embedded into HTML as an SVG.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
+pub struct HtmlFrame {
+    /// The frame that will be displayed as an SVG.
+    pub inner: Frame,
+    /// The text size where the frame was defined. This is used to size the
+    /// frame with em units to make text in and outside of the frame sized
+    /// consistently.
+    pub text_size: Abs,
+}
+
 /// Defines syntactical properties of HTML tags, attributes, and text.
 pub mod charsets {
     /// Check whether a character is in a tag name.
@@ -347,135 +358,124 @@ pub mod charsets {
 }
 
 /// Predefined constants for HTML tags.
+#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
 pub mod tag {
     use super::HtmlTag;
 
-    macro_rules! tags {
+    pub const a: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("a");
-        ($($tag:ident)*) => {
+    pub const abbr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("abbr");
-            $(#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+    pub const address: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("address");
-            pub const $tag: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant(
+    pub const area: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("area");
-                stringify!($tag)
+    pub const article: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("article");
-            );)*
+    pub const aside: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("aside");
-        }
+    pub const audio: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("audio");
-    }
+    pub const b: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("b");
+    pub const base: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("base");
+    pub const bdi: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("bdi");
+    pub const bdo: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("bdo");
+    pub const blockquote: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("blockquote");
+    pub const body: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("body");
+    pub const br: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("br");
+    pub const button: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("button");
+    pub const canvas: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("canvas");
+    pub const caption: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("caption");
+    pub const cite: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("cite");
+    pub const code: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("code");
+    pub const col: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("col");
+    pub const colgroup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("colgroup");
+    pub const data: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("data");
+    pub const datalist: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("datalist");
+    pub const dd: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dd");
+    pub const del: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("del");
+    pub const details: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("details");
+    pub const dfn: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dfn");
+    pub const dialog: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dialog");
+    pub const div: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("div");
+    pub const dl: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dl");
+    pub const dt: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dt");
+    pub const em: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("em");
+    pub const embed: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("embed");
+    pub const fieldset: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("fieldset");
+    pub const figcaption: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("figcaption");
+    pub const figure: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("figure");
+    pub const footer: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("footer");
+    pub const form: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("form");
+    pub const h1: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h1");
+    pub const h2: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h2");
+    pub const h3: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h3");
+    pub const h4: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h4");
+    pub const h5: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h5");
+    pub const h6: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h6");
+    pub const head: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("head");
+    pub const header: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("header");
+    pub const hgroup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("hgroup");
+    pub const hr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("hr");
+    pub const html: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("html");
+    pub const i: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("i");
+    pub const iframe: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("iframe");
+    pub const img: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("img");
+    pub const input: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("input");
+    pub const ins: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ins");
+    pub const kbd: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("kbd");
+    pub const label: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("label");
+    pub const legend: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("legend");
+    pub const li: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("li");
+    pub const link: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("link");
+    pub const main: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("main");
+    pub const map: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("map");
+    pub const mark: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("mark");
+    pub const menu: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("menu");
+    pub const meta: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("meta");
+    pub const meter: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("meter");
+    pub const nav: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("nav");
+    pub const noscript: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("noscript");
+    pub const object: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("object");
+    pub const ol: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ol");
+    pub const optgroup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("optgroup");
+    pub const option: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("option");
+    pub const output: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("output");
+    pub const p: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("p");
+    pub const picture: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("picture");
+    pub const pre: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("pre");
+    pub const progress: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("progress");
+    pub const q: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("q");
+    pub const rp: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("rp");
+    pub const rt: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("rt");
+    pub const ruby: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ruby");
+    pub const s: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("s");
+    pub const samp: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("samp");
+    pub const script: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("script");
+    pub const search: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("search");
+    pub const section: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("section");
+    pub const select: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("select");
+    pub const slot: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("slot");
+    pub const small: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("small");
+    pub const source: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("source");
+    pub const span: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("span");
+    pub const strong: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("strong");
+    pub const style: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("style");
+    pub const sub: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("sub");
+    pub const summary: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("summary");
+    pub const sup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("sup");
+    pub const table: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("table");
+    pub const tbody: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("tbody");
+    pub const td: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("td");
+    pub const template: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("template");
+    pub const textarea: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("textarea");
+    pub const tfoot: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("tfoot");
+    pub const th: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("th");
+    pub const thead: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("thead");
+    pub const time: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("time");
+    pub const title: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("title");
+    pub const tr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("tr");
+    pub const track: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("track");
+    pub const u: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("u");
+    pub const ul: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ul");
+    pub const var: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("var");
+    pub const video: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("video");
+    pub const wbr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("wbr");
 
-    tags! {
+    /// Whether this is a void tag whose associated element may not have
-        a
-        abbr
-        address
-        area
-        article
-        aside
-        audio
-        b
-        base
-        bdi
-        bdo
-        blockquote
-        body
-        br
-        button
-        canvas
-        caption
-        cite
-        code
-        col
-        colgroup
-        data
-        datalist
-        dd
-        del
-        details
-        dfn
-        dialog
-        div
-        dl
-        dt
-        em
-        embed
-        fieldset
-        figcaption
-        figure
-        footer
-        form
-        h1
-        h2
-        h3
-        h4
-        h5
-        h6
-        head
-        header
-        hgroup
-        hr
-        html
-        i
-        iframe
-        img
-        input
-        ins
-        kbd
-        label
-        legend
-        li
-        link
-        main
-        map
-        mark
-        menu
-        meta
-        meter
-        nav
-        noscript
-        object
-        ol
-        optgroup
-        option
-        output
-        p
-        param
-        picture
-        pre
-        progress
-        q
-        rp
-        rt
-        ruby
-        s
-        samp
-        script
-        search
-        section
-        select
-        slot
-        small
-        source
-        span
-        strong
-        style
-        sub
-        summary
-        sup
-        table
-        tbody
-        td
-        template
-        textarea
-        tfoot
-        th
-        thead
-        time
-        title
-        tr
-        track
-        u
-        ul
-        var
-        video
-        wbr
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this is a void tag whose associated element may not have a
     /// children.
     pub fn is_void(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
         matches!(
@@ -490,7 +490,6 @@ pub mod tag {
                 | self::input
                 | self::link
                 | self::meta
-                | self::param
                 | self::source
                 | self::track
                 | self::wbr
@@ -629,36 +628,196 @@ pub mod tag {
     }
 }
 
-/// Predefined constants for HTML attributes.
-///
-/// Note: These are very incomplete.
 #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+#[rustfmt::skip]
 pub mod attr {
-    use super::HtmlAttr;
+    use crate::html::HtmlAttr;
-
+    pub const abbr: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("abbr");
-    macro_rules! attrs {
+    pub const accept: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("accept");
-        ($($attr:ident)*) => {
+    pub const accept_charset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("accept-charset");
-            $(#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+    pub const accesskey: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("accesskey");
-            pub const $attr: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant(
+    pub const action: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("action");
-                stringify!($attr)
+    pub const allow: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("allow");
-            );)*
+    pub const allowfullscreen: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("allowfullscreen");
-        }
+    pub const alpha: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("alpha");
-    }
+    pub const alt: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("alt");
-
+    pub const aria_activedescendant: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-activedescendant");
-    attrs! {
+    pub const aria_atomic: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-atomic");
-        charset
+    pub const aria_autocomplete: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-autocomplete");
-        cite
+    pub const aria_busy: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-busy");
-        colspan
+    pub const aria_checked: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-checked");
-        content
+    pub const aria_colcount: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-colcount");
-        href
+    pub const aria_colindex: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-colindex");
-        name
+    pub const aria_colspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-colspan");
-        reversed
+    pub const aria_controls: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-controls");
-        role
+    pub const aria_current: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-current");
-        rowspan
+    pub const aria_describedby: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-describedby");
-        start
+    pub const aria_details: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-details");
-        style
+    pub const aria_disabled: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-disabled");
-        value
+    pub const aria_errormessage: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-errormessage");
-    }
+    pub const aria_expanded: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-expanded");
-
+    pub const aria_flowto: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-flowto");
+    pub const aria_haspopup: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-haspopup");
+    pub const aria_hidden: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-hidden");
+    pub const aria_invalid: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-invalid");
+    pub const aria_keyshortcuts: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-keyshortcuts");
+    pub const aria_label: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-label");
+    pub const aria_labelledby: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-labelledby");
     pub const aria_level: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-level");
+    pub const aria_live: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-live");
+    pub const aria_modal: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-modal");
+    pub const aria_multiline: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-multiline");
+    pub const aria_multiselectable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-multiselectable");
+    pub const aria_orientation: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-orientation");
+    pub const aria_owns: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-owns");
+    pub const aria_placeholder: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-placeholder");
+    pub const aria_posinset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-posinset");
+    pub const aria_pressed: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-pressed");
+    pub const aria_readonly: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-readonly");
+    pub const aria_relevant: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-relevant");
+    pub const aria_required: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-required");
+    pub const aria_roledescription: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-roledescription");
+    pub const aria_rowcount: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-rowcount");
+    pub const aria_rowindex: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-rowindex");
+    pub const aria_rowspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-rowspan");
+    pub const aria_selected: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-selected");
+    pub const aria_setsize: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-setsize");
+    pub const aria_sort: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-sort");
+    pub const aria_valuemax: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuemax");
+    pub const aria_valuemin: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuemin");
+    pub const aria_valuenow: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuenow");
+    pub const aria_valuetext: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuetext");
+    pub const r#as: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("as");
+    pub const r#async: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("async");
+    pub const autocapitalize: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autocapitalize");
+    pub const autocomplete: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autocomplete");
+    pub const autocorrect: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autocorrect");
+    pub const autofocus: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autofocus");
+    pub const autoplay: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autoplay");
+    pub const blocking: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("blocking");
+    pub const charset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("charset");
+    pub const checked: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("checked");
+    pub const cite: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("cite");
+    pub const class: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("class");
+    pub const closedby: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("closedby");
+    pub const color: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("color");
+    pub const colorspace: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("colorspace");
+    pub const cols: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("cols");
+    pub const colspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("colspan");
+    pub const command: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("command");
+    pub const commandfor: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("commandfor");
+    pub const content: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("content");
+    pub const contenteditable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("contenteditable");
+    pub const controls: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("controls");
+    pub const coords: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("coords");
+    pub const crossorigin: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("crossorigin");
+    pub const data: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("data");
+    pub const datetime: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("datetime");
+    pub const decoding: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("decoding");
+    pub const default: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("default");
+    pub const defer: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("defer");
+    pub const dir: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("dir");
+    pub const dirname: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("dirname");
+    pub const disabled: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("disabled");
+    pub const download: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("download");
+    pub const draggable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("draggable");
+    pub const enctype: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("enctype");
+    pub const enterkeyhint: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("enterkeyhint");
+    pub const fetchpriority: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("fetchpriority");
+    pub const r#for: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("for");
+    pub const form: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("form");
+    pub const formaction: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formaction");
+    pub const formenctype: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formenctype");
+    pub const formmethod: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formmethod");
+    pub const formnovalidate: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formnovalidate");
+    pub const formtarget: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formtarget");
+    pub const headers: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("headers");
+    pub const height: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("height");
+    pub const hidden: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("hidden");
+    pub const high: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("high");
+    pub const href: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("href");
+    pub const hreflang: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("hreflang");
+    pub const http_equiv: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("http-equiv");
+    pub const id: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("id");
+    pub const imagesizes: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("imagesizes");
+    pub const imagesrcset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("imagesrcset");
+    pub const inert: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("inert");
+    pub const inputmode: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("inputmode");
+    pub const integrity: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("integrity");
+    pub const is: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("is");
+    pub const ismap: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("ismap");
+    pub const itemid: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemid");
+    pub const itemprop: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemprop");
+    pub const itemref: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemref");
+    pub const itemscope: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemscope");
+    pub const itemtype: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemtype");
+    pub const kind: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("kind");
+    pub const label: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("label");
+    pub const lang: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("lang");
+    pub const list: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("list");
+    pub const loading: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("loading");
+    pub const r#loop: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("loop");
+    pub const low: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("low");
+    pub const max: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("max");
+    pub const maxlength: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("maxlength");
+    pub const media: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("media");
+    pub const method: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("method");
+    pub const min: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("min");
+    pub const minlength: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("minlength");
+    pub const multiple: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("multiple");
+    pub const muted: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("muted");
+    pub const name: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("name");
+    pub const nomodule: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("nomodule");
+    pub const nonce: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("nonce");
+    pub const novalidate: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("novalidate");
+    pub const open: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("open");
+    pub const optimum: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("optimum");
+    pub const pattern: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("pattern");
+    pub const ping: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("ping");
+    pub const placeholder: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("placeholder");
+    pub const playsinline: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("playsinline");
+    pub const popover: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("popover");
+    pub const popovertarget: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("popovertarget");
+    pub const popovertargetaction: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("popovertargetaction");
+    pub const poster: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("poster");
+    pub const preload: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("preload");
+    pub const readonly: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("readonly");
+    pub const referrerpolicy: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("referrerpolicy");
+    pub const rel: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("rel");
+    pub const required: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("required");
+    pub const reversed: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("reversed");
+    pub const role: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("role");
+    pub const rows: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("rows");
+    pub const rowspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("rowspan");
+    pub const sandbox: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("sandbox");
+    pub const scope: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("scope");
+    pub const selected: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("selected");
+    pub const shadowrootclonable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootclonable");
+    pub const shadowrootcustomelementregistry: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootcustomelementregistry");
+    pub const shadowrootdelegatesfocus: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootdelegatesfocus");
+    pub const shadowrootmode: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootmode");
+    pub const shadowrootserializable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootserializable");
+    pub const shape: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shape");
+    pub const size: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("size");
+    pub const sizes: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("sizes");
+    pub const slot: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("slot");
+    pub const span: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("span");
+    pub const spellcheck: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("spellcheck");
+    pub const src: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("src");
+    pub const srcdoc: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("srcdoc");
+    pub const srclang: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("srclang");
+    pub const srcset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("srcset");
+    pub const start: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("start");
+    pub const step: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("step");
+    pub const style: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("style");
+    pub const tabindex: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("tabindex");
+    pub const target: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("target");
+    pub const title: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("title");
+    pub const translate: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("translate");
+    pub const r#type: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("type");
+    pub const usemap: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("usemap");
+    pub const value: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("value");
+    pub const width: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("width");
+    pub const wrap: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("wrap");
+    pub const writingsuggestions: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("writingsuggestions");
 }

crates/typst-library/src/html/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! HTML output.
 
 mod dom;
+mod typed;
 
 pub use self::dom::*;
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ pub fn module() -> Module {
     html.start_category(crate::Category::Html);
     html.define_elem::<HtmlElem>();
     html.define_elem::<FrameElem>();
+    self::typed::define(&mut html);
     Module::new("html", html)
 }
 

crates/typst-library/src/html/typed.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,868 @@
+//! The typed HTML element API (e.g. `html.div`).
+//!
+//! The typed API is backed by generated data derived from the HTML
+//! specification. See [generated] and `tools/codegen`.
+
+use std::fmt::Write;
+use std::num::{NonZeroI64, NonZeroU64};
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
+
+use bumpalo::Bump;
+use comemo::Tracked;
+use ecow::{eco_format, eco_vec, EcoString};
+use typst_assets::html as data;
+use typst_macros::cast;
+
+use crate::diag::{bail, At, Hint, HintedStrResult, SourceResult};
+use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::foundations::{
+    Args, Array, AutoValue, CastInfo, Content, Context, Datetime, Dict, Duration,
+    FromValue, IntoValue, NativeFuncData, NativeFuncPtr, NoneValue, ParamInfo,
+    PositiveF64, Reflect, Scope, Str, Type, Value,
+};
+use crate::html::tag;
+use crate::html::{HtmlAttr, HtmlAttrs, HtmlElem, HtmlTag};
+use crate::layout::{Axes, Axis, Dir, Length};
+use crate::visualize::Color;
+
+/// Hook up all typed HTML definitions.
+pub(super) fn define(html: &mut Scope) {
+    for data in FUNCS.iter() {
+        html.define_func_with_data(data);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Lazily created functions for all typed HTML constructors.
+static FUNCS: LazyLock<Vec<NativeFuncData>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    // Leaking is okay here. It's not meaningfully different from having
+    // memory-managed values as `FUNCS` is a static.
+    let bump = Box::leak(Box::new(Bump::new()));
+    data::ELEMS.iter().map(|info| create_func_data(info, bump)).collect()
+});
+
+/// Creates metadata for a native HTML element constructor function.
+fn create_func_data(
+    element: &'static data::ElemInfo,
+    bump: &'static Bump,
+) -> NativeFuncData {
+    NativeFuncData {
+        function: NativeFuncPtr(bump.alloc(
+            move |_: &mut Engine, _: Tracked<Context>, args: &mut Args| {
+                construct(element, args)
+            },
+        )),
+        name: element.name,
+        title: {
+            let title = bump.alloc_str(element.name);
+            title[0..1].make_ascii_uppercase();
+            title
+        },
+        docs: element.docs,
+        keywords: &[],
+        contextual: false,
+        scope: LazyLock::new(&|| Scope::new()),
+        params: LazyLock::new(bump.alloc(move || create_param_info(element))),
+        returns: LazyLock::new(&|| CastInfo::Type(Type::of::<Content>())),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Creates parameter signature metadata for an element.
+fn create_param_info(element: &'static data::ElemInfo) -> Vec<ParamInfo> {
+    let mut params = vec![];
+    for attr in element.attributes() {
+        params.push(ParamInfo {
+            name: attr.name,
+            docs: attr.docs,
+            input: AttrType::convert(attr.ty).input(),
+            default: None,
+            positional: false,
+            named: true,
+            variadic: false,
+            required: false,
+            settable: false,
+        });
+    }
+    let tag = HtmlTag::constant(element.name);
+    if !tag::is_void(tag) {
+        params.push(ParamInfo {
+            name: "body",
+            docs: "The contents of the HTML element.",
+            input: CastInfo::Type(Type::of::<Content>()),
+            default: None,
+            positional: true,
+            named: false,
+            variadic: false,
+            required: false,
+            settable: false,
+        });
+    }
+    params
+}
+
+/// The native constructor function shared by all HTML elements.
+fn construct(element: &'static data::ElemInfo, args: &mut Args) -> SourceResult<Value> {
+    let mut attrs = HtmlAttrs::default();
+    let mut errors = eco_vec![];
+
+    args.items.retain(|item| {
+        let Some(name) = &item.name else { return true };
+        let Some(attr) = element.get_attr(name) else { return true };
+
+        let span = item.value.span;
+        let value = std::mem::take(&mut item.value.v);
+        let ty = AttrType::convert(attr.ty);
+        match ty.cast(value).at(span) {
+            Ok(Some(string)) => attrs.push(HtmlAttr::constant(attr.name), string),
+            Ok(None) => {}
+            Err(diags) => errors.extend(diags),
+        }
+
+        false
+    });
+
+    if !errors.is_empty() {
+        return Err(errors);
+    }
+
+    let tag = HtmlTag::constant(element.name);
+    let mut elem = HtmlElem::new(tag);
+    if !attrs.0.is_empty() {
+        elem.push_attrs(attrs);
+    }
+
+    if !tag::is_void(tag) {
+        let body = args.eat::<Content>()?;
+        elem.push_body(body);
+    }
+
+    Ok(elem.into_value())
+}
+
+/// A dynamic representation of an attribute's type.
+///
+/// See the documentation of [`data::Type`] for more details on variants.
+enum AttrType {
+    Presence,
+    Native(NativeType),
+    Strings(StringsType),
+    Union(UnionType),
+    List(ListType),
+}
+
+impl AttrType {
+    /// Converts the type definition into a representation suitable for casting
+    /// and reflection.
+    const fn convert(ty: data::Type) -> AttrType {
+        use data::Type;
+        match ty {
+            Type::Presence => Self::Presence,
+            Type::None => Self::of::<NoneValue>(),
+            Type::NoneEmpty => Self::of::<NoneEmpty>(),
+            Type::NoneUndefined => Self::of::<NoneUndefined>(),
+            Type::Auto => Self::of::<AutoValue>(),
+            Type::TrueFalse => Self::of::<TrueFalseBool>(),
+            Type::YesNo => Self::of::<YesNoBool>(),
+            Type::OnOff => Self::of::<OnOffBool>(),
+            Type::Int => Self::of::<i64>(),
+            Type::NonNegativeInt => Self::of::<u64>(),
+            Type::PositiveInt => Self::of::<NonZeroU64>(),
+            Type::Float => Self::of::<f64>(),
+            Type::PositiveFloat => Self::of::<PositiveF64>(),
+            Type::Str => Self::of::<Str>(),
+            Type::Char => Self::of::<char>(),
+            Type::Datetime => Self::of::<Datetime>(),
+            Type::Duration => Self::of::<Duration>(),
+            Type::Color => Self::of::<Color>(),
+            Type::HorizontalDir => Self::of::<HorizontalDir>(),
+            Type::IconSize => Self::of::<IconSize>(),
+            Type::ImageCandidate => Self::of::<ImageCandidate>(),
+            Type::SourceSize => Self::of::<SourceSize>(),
+            Type::Strings(start, end) => Self::Strings(StringsType { start, end }),
+            Type::Union(variants) => Self::Union(UnionType(variants)),
+            Type::List(inner, separator, shorthand) => {
+                Self::List(ListType { inner, separator, shorthand })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Produces the dynamic representation of an attribute type backed by a
+    /// native Rust type.
+    const fn of<T: IntoAttr>() -> Self {
+        Self::Native(NativeType::of::<T>())
+    }
+
+    /// See [`Reflect::input`].
+    fn input(&self) -> CastInfo {
+        match self {
+            Self::Presence => bool::input(),
+            Self::Native(ty) => (ty.input)(),
+            Self::Union(ty) => ty.input(),
+            Self::Strings(ty) => ty.input(),
+            Self::List(ty) => ty.input(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// See [`Reflect::castable`].
+    fn castable(&self, value: &Value) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::Presence => bool::castable(value),
+            Self::Native(ty) => (ty.castable)(value),
+            Self::Union(ty) => ty.castable(value),
+            Self::Strings(ty) => ty.castable(value),
+            Self::List(ty) => ty.castable(value),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Tries to cast the value into this attribute's type and serialize it into
+    /// an HTML attribute string.
+    fn cast(&self, value: Value) -> HintedStrResult<Option<EcoString>> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Presence => value.cast::<bool>().map(|b| b.then(EcoString::new)),
+            Self::Native(ty) => (ty.cast)(value),
+            Self::Union(ty) => ty.cast(value),
+            Self::Strings(ty) => ty.cast(value),
+            Self::List(ty) => ty.cast(value),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An enumeration with generated string variants.
+///
+/// `start` and `end` are used to index into `data::ATTR_STRINGS`.
+struct StringsType {
+    start: usize,
+    end: usize,
+}
+
+impl StringsType {
+    fn input(&self) -> CastInfo {
+        CastInfo::Union(
+            self.strings()
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(val, desc)| CastInfo::Value(val.into_value(), desc))
+                .collect(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn castable(&self, value: &Value) -> bool {
+        match value {
+            Value::Str(s) => self.strings().iter().any(|&(v, _)| v == s.as_str()),
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn cast(&self, value: Value) -> HintedStrResult<Option<EcoString>> {
+        if self.castable(&value) {
+            value.cast().map(Some)
+        } else {
+            Err(self.input().error(&value))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn strings(&self) -> &'static [(&'static str, &'static str)] {
+        &data::ATTR_STRINGS[self.start..self.end]
+    }
+}
+
+/// A type that accepts any of the contained types.
+struct UnionType(&'static [data::Type]);
+
+impl UnionType {
+    fn input(&self) -> CastInfo {
+        CastInfo::Union(self.iter().map(|ty| ty.input()).collect())
+    }
+
+    fn castable(&self, value: &Value) -> bool {
+        self.iter().any(|ty| ty.castable(value))
+    }
+
+    fn cast(&self, value: Value) -> HintedStrResult<Option<EcoString>> {
+        for item in self.iter() {
+            if item.castable(&value) {
+                return item.cast(value);
+            }
+        }
+        Err(self.input().error(&value))
+    }
+
+    fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = AttrType> {
+        self.0.iter().map(|&ty| AttrType::convert(ty))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A list of items separated by a specific separator char.
+///
+/// - <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#space-separated-tokens>
+/// - <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#comma-separated-tokens>
+struct ListType {
+    inner: &'static data::Type,
+    separator: char,
+    shorthand: bool,
+}
+
+impl ListType {
+    fn input(&self) -> CastInfo {
+        if self.shorthand {
+            Array::input() + self.inner().input()
+        } else {
+            Array::input()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn castable(&self, value: &Value) -> bool {
+        Array::castable(value) || (self.shorthand && self.inner().castable(value))
+    }
+
+    fn cast(&self, value: Value) -> HintedStrResult<Option<EcoString>> {
+        let ty = self.inner();
+        if Array::castable(&value) {
+            let array = value.cast::<Array>()?;
+            let mut out = EcoString::new();
+            for (i, item) in array.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                let item = ty.cast(item)?.unwrap();
+                if item.as_str().contains(self.separator) {
+                    let buf;
+                    let name = match self.separator {
+                        ' ' => "space",
+                        ',' => "comma",
+                        _ => {
+                            buf = eco_format!("'{}'", self.separator);
+                            buf.as_str()
+                        }
+                    };
+                    bail!(
+                        "array item may not contain a {name}";
+                        hint: "the array attribute will be encoded as a \
+                               {name}-separated string"
+                    );
+                }
+                if i > 0 {
+                    out.push(self.separator);
+                    if self.separator == ',' {
+                        out.push(' ');
+                    }
+                }
+                out.push_str(&item);
+            }
+            Ok(Some(out))
+        } else if self.shorthand && ty.castable(&value) {
+            let item = ty.cast(value)?.unwrap();
+            Ok(Some(item))
+        } else {
+            Err(self.input().error(&value))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn inner(&self) -> AttrType {
+        AttrType::convert(*self.inner)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A dynamic representation of attribute backed by a native type implementing
+/// - the standard `Reflect` and `FromValue` traits for casting from a value,
+/// - the special `IntoAttr` trait for conversion into an attribute string.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+struct NativeType {
+    input: fn() -> CastInfo,
+    cast: fn(Value) -> HintedStrResult<Option<EcoString>>,
+    castable: fn(&Value) -> bool,
+}
+
+impl NativeType {
+    /// Creates a dynamic native type from a native Rust type.
+    const fn of<T: IntoAttr>() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            cast: |value| {
+                let this = value.cast::<T>()?;
+                Ok(Some(this.into_attr()))
+            },
+            input: T::input,
+            castable: T::castable,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Casts a native type into an HTML attribute.
+pub trait IntoAttr: FromValue {
+    /// Turn the value into an attribute string.
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString;
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for Str {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        self.into()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A boolean that is encoded as a string:
+/// - `false` is encoded as `"false"`
+/// - `true` is encoded as `"true"`
+pub struct TrueFalseBool(pub bool);
+
+cast! {
+    TrueFalseBool,
+    v: bool => Self(v),
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for TrueFalseBool {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        if self.0 { "true" } else { "false" }.into()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A boolean that is encoded as a string:
+/// - `false` is encoded as `"no"`
+/// - `true` is encoded as `"yes"`
+pub struct YesNoBool(pub bool);
+
+cast! {
+    YesNoBool,
+    v: bool => Self(v),
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for YesNoBool {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        if self.0 { "yes" } else { "no" }.into()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A boolean that is encoded as a string:
+/// - `false` is encoded as `"off"`
+/// - `true` is encoded as `"on"`
+pub struct OnOffBool(pub bool);
+
+cast! {
+    OnOffBool,
+    v: bool => Self(v),
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for OnOffBool {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        if self.0 { "on" } else { "off" }.into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for AutoValue {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        "auto".into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for NoneValue {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        "none".into()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A `none` value that turns into an empty string attribute.
+struct NoneEmpty;
+
+cast! {
+    NoneEmpty,
+    _: NoneValue => NoneEmpty,
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for NoneEmpty {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        "".into()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A `none` value that turns into the string `"undefined"`.
+struct NoneUndefined;
+
+cast! {
+    NoneUndefined,
+    _: NoneValue => NoneUndefined,
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for NoneUndefined {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        "undefined".into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for char {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        eco_format!("{self}")
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for i64 {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        eco_format!("{self}")
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for u64 {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        eco_format!("{self}")
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for NonZeroI64 {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        eco_format!("{self}")
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for NonZeroU64 {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        eco_format!("{self}")
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for f64 {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        // HTML float literal allows all the things that Rust's float `Display`
+        // impl produces.
+        eco_format!("{self}")
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for PositiveF64 {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        self.get().into_attr()
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for Color {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        eco_format!("{}", css::color(self))
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for Duration {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#valid-duration-string
+        let mut out = EcoString::new();
+        macro_rules! part {
+            ($s:literal) => {
+                if !out.is_empty() {
+                    out.push(' ');
+                }
+                write!(out, $s).unwrap();
+            };
+        }
+
+        let [weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds] = self.decompose();
+        if weeks > 0 {
+            part!("{weeks}w");
+        }
+        if days > 0 {
+            part!("{days}d");
+        }
+        if hours > 0 {
+            part!("{hours}h");
+        }
+        if minutes > 0 {
+            part!("{minutes}m");
+        }
+        if seconds > 0 || out.is_empty() {
+            part!("{seconds}s");
+        }
+
+        out
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for Datetime {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        let fmt = typst_utils::display(|f| match self {
+            Self::Date(date) => datetime::date(f, date),
+            Self::Time(time) => datetime::time(f, time),
+            Self::Datetime(datetime) => datetime::datetime(f, datetime),
+        });
+        eco_format!("{fmt}")
+    }
+}
+
+mod datetime {
+    use std::fmt::{self, Formatter, Write};
+
+    pub fn datetime(f: &mut Formatter, datetime: time::PrimitiveDateTime) -> fmt::Result {
+        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#valid-global-date-and-time-string
+        date(f, datetime.date())?;
+        f.write_char('T')?;
+        time(f, datetime.time())
+    }
+
+    pub fn date(f: &mut Formatter, date: time::Date) -> fmt::Result {
+        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#valid-date-string
+        write!(f, "{:04}-{:02}-{:02}", date.year(), date.month() as u8, date.day())
+    }
+
+    pub fn time(f: &mut Formatter, time: time::Time) -> fmt::Result {
+        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#valid-time-string
+        write!(f, "{:02}:{:02}", time.hour(), time.minute())?;
+        if time.second() > 0 {
+            write!(f, ":{:02}", time.second())?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A direction on the X axis: `ltr` or `rtl`.
+pub struct HorizontalDir(Dir);
+
+cast! {
+    HorizontalDir,
+    v: Dir => {
+        if v.axis() == Axis::Y {
+            bail!("direction must be horizontal");
+        }
+        Self(v)
+    },
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for HorizontalDir {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        self.0.into_attr()
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for Dir {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        match self {
+            Self::LTR => "ltr".into(),
+            Self::RTL => "rtl".into(),
+            Self::TTB => "ttb".into(),
+            Self::BTT => "btt".into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A width/height pair for `<link rel="icon" sizes="..." />`.
+pub struct IconSize(Axes<u64>);
+
+cast! {
+    IconSize,
+    v: Axes<u64> => Self(v),
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for IconSize {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        eco_format!("{}x{}", self.0.x, self.0.y)
+    }
+}
+
+/// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#image-candidate-string>
+pub struct ImageCandidate(EcoString);
+
+cast! {
+    ImageCandidate,
+    mut v: Dict => {
+        let src = v.take("src")?.cast::<EcoString>()?;
+        let width: Option<NonZeroU64> =
+            v.take("width").ok().map(Value::cast).transpose()?;
+        let density: Option<PositiveF64> =
+            v.take("density").ok().map(Value::cast).transpose()?;
+        v.finish(&["src", "width", "density"])?;
+
+        if src.is_empty() {
+            bail!("`src` must not be empty");
+        } else if src.starts_with(',') || src.ends_with(',') {
+            bail!("`src` must not start or end with a comma");
+        }
+
+        let mut out = src;
+        match (width, density) {
+            (None, None) => {}
+            (Some(width), None) => write!(out, " {width}w").unwrap(),
+            (None, Some(density)) => write!(out, " {}d", density.get()).unwrap(),
+            (Some(_), Some(_)) => bail!("cannot specify both `width` and `density`"),
+        }
+
+        Self(out)
+    },
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for ImageCandidate {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+/// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/images.html#valid-source-size-list>
+pub struct SourceSize(EcoString);
+
+cast! {
+    SourceSize,
+    mut v: Dict => {
+        let condition = v.take("condition")?.cast::<EcoString>()?;
+        let size = v
+            .take("size")?
+            .cast::<Length>()
+            .hint("CSS lengths that are not expressible as Typst lengths are not yet supported")
+            .hint("you can use `html.elem` to create a raw attribute")?;
+        Self(eco_format!("({condition}) {}", css::length(size)))
+    },
+}
+
+impl IntoAttr for SourceSize {
+    fn into_attr(self) -> EcoString {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+/// Conversion from Typst data types into CSS data types.
+///
+/// This can be moved elsewhere once we start supporting more CSS stuff.
+mod css {
+    use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+
+    use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
+    use crate::layout::Length;
+    use crate::visualize::{Color, Hsl, LinearRgb, Oklab, Oklch, Rgb};
+
+    pub fn length(length: Length) -> impl Display {
+        typst_utils::display(move |f| match (length.abs.is_zero(), length.em.is_zero()) {
+            (false, false) => {
+                write!(f, "calc({}pt + {}em)", length.abs.to_pt(), length.em.get())
+            }
+            (true, false) => write!(f, "{}em", length.em.get()),
+            (_, true) => write!(f, "{}pt", length.abs.to_pt()),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn color(color: Color) -> impl Display {
+        typst_utils::display(move |f| match color {
+            Color::Rgb(_) | Color::Cmyk(_) | Color::Luma(_) => rgb(f, color.to_rgb()),
+            Color::Oklab(v) => oklab(f, v),
+            Color::Oklch(v) => oklch(f, v),
+            Color::LinearRgb(v) => linear_rgb(f, v),
+            Color::Hsl(_) | Color::Hsv(_) => hsl(f, color.to_hsl()),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn oklab(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>, v: Oklab) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "oklab({} {} {}{})",
+            percent(v.l),
+            number(v.a),
+            number(v.b),
+            alpha(v.alpha)
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn oklch(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>, v: Oklch) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "oklch({} {} {}deg{})",
+            percent(v.l),
+            number(v.chroma),
+            number(v.hue.into_degrees()),
+            alpha(v.alpha)
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn rgb(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>, v: Rgb) -> fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(v) = rgb_to_8_bit_lossless(v) {
+            let (r, g, b, a) = v.into_components();
+            write!(f, "#{r:02x}{g:02x}{b:02x}")?;
+            if a != u8::MAX {
+                write!(f, "{a:02x}")?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            write!(
+                f,
+                "rgb({} {} {}{})",
+                percent(v.red),
+                percent(v.green),
+                percent(v.blue),
+                alpha(v.alpha)
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts an f32 RGBA color to its 8-bit representation if the result is
+    /// [very close](is_very_close) to the original.
+    fn rgb_to_8_bit_lossless(
+        v: Rgb,
+    ) -> Option<palette::rgb::Rgba<palette::encoding::Srgb, u8>> {
+        let l = v.into_format::<u8, u8>();
+        let h = l.into_format::<f32, f32>();
+        (is_very_close(v.red, h.red)
+            && is_very_close(v.blue, h.blue)
+            && is_very_close(v.green, h.green)
+            && is_very_close(v.alpha, h.alpha))
+        .then_some(l)
+    }
+
+    fn linear_rgb(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>, v: LinearRgb) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "color(srgb-linear {} {} {}{})",
+            percent(v.red),
+            percent(v.green),
+            percent(v.blue),
+            alpha(v.alpha),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn hsl(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>, v: Hsl) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "hsl({}deg {} {}{})",
+            number(v.hue.into_degrees()),
+            percent(v.saturation),
+            percent(v.lightness),
+            alpha(v.alpha),
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Displays an alpha component if it not 1.
+    fn alpha(value: f32) -> impl Display {
+        typst_utils::display(move |f| {
+            if !is_very_close(value, 1.0) {
+                write!(f, " / {}", percent(value))?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Displays a rounded percentage.
+    ///
+    /// For a percentage, two significant digits after the comma gives us a
+    /// precision of 1/10_000, which is more than 12 bits (see `is_very_close`).
+    fn percent(ratio: f32) -> impl Display {
+        typst_utils::display(move |f| {
+            write!(f, "{}%", typst_utils::round_with_precision(ratio as f64 * 100.0, 2))
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Rounds a number for display.
+    ///
+    /// For a number between 0 and 1, four significant digits give us a
+    /// precision of 1/10_000, which is more than 12 bits (see `is_very_close`).
+    fn number(value: f32) -> impl Display {
+        typst_utils::round_with_precision(value as f64, 4)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether two component values are close enough that there is no
+    /// difference when encoding them with 12-bit. 12 bit is the highest
+    /// reasonable color bit depth found in the industry.
+    fn is_very_close(a: f32, b: f32) -> bool {
+        const MAX_BIT_DEPTH: u32 = 12;
+        const EPS: f32 = 0.5 / 2_i32.pow(MAX_BIT_DEPTH) as f32;
+        (a - b).abs() < EPS
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tags_and_attr_const_internible() {
+        for elem in data::ELEMS {
+            let _ = HtmlTag::constant(elem.name);
+        }
+        for attr in data::ATTRS {
+            let _ = HtmlAttr::constant(attr.name);
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/typst-library/src/introspection/introspector.rs

@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ impl IntrospectorBuilder {
                 HtmlNode::Element(elem) => self.discover_in_html(sink, &elem.children),
                 HtmlNode::Frame(frame) => self.discover_in_frame(
                     sink,
-                    frame,
+                    &frame.inner,
                     NonZeroUsize::ONE,
                     Transform::identity(),
                 ),

crates/typst-library/src/layout/align.rs

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl Show for Packed<AlignElem> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Where to [align] something along an axis.
+/// Where to align something along an axis.
 ///
 /// Possible values are:
 /// - `start`: Aligns at the [start]($direction.start) of the [text

crates/typst-library/src/layout/axes.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ use std::ops::{BitAnd, BitAndAssign, BitOr, BitOrAssign, Deref, Not};
 
 use typst_utils::Get;
 
-use crate::diag::bail;
+use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult};
-use crate::foundations::{array, cast, Array, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain};
+use crate::foundations::{
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Dir, Length, Ratio, Rel, Size};
+    array, cast, Array, CastInfo, FromValue, IntoValue, Reflect, Resolve, Smart,
+    StyleChain, Value,
+};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Dir, Rel, Size};
 
 /// A container with a horizontal and vertical component.
 #[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
@@ -275,40 +278,39 @@ impl BitAndAssign for Axes<bool> {
     }
 }
 
-cast! {
+impl<T: Reflect> Reflect for Axes<T> {
-    Axes<Rel<Length>>,
+    fn input() -> CastInfo {
-    self => array![self.x, self.y].into_value(),
+        Array::input()
-    array: Array => {
+    }
-        let mut iter = array.into_iter();
+
-        match (iter.next(), iter.next(), iter.next()) {
+    fn output() -> CastInfo {
-            (Some(a), Some(b), None) => Axes::new(a.cast()?, b.cast()?),
+        Array::output()
-            _ => bail!("point array must contain exactly two entries"),
+    }
+
+    fn castable(value: &Value) -> bool {
+        Array::castable(value)
     }
-    },
 }
 
-cast! {
+impl<T: FromValue> FromValue for Axes<T> {
-    Axes<Ratio>,
+    fn from_value(value: Value) -> HintedStrResult<Self> {
-    self => array![self.x, self.y].into_value(),
+        let array = value.cast::<Array>()?;
-    array: Array => {
         let mut iter = array.into_iter();
         match (iter.next(), iter.next(), iter.next()) {
-            (Some(a), Some(b), None) => Axes::new(a.cast()?, b.cast()?),
+            (Some(a), Some(b), None) => Ok(Axes::new(a.cast()?, b.cast()?)),
-            _ => bail!("ratio array must contain exactly two entries"),
+            _ => bail!(
+                "array must contain exactly two items";
+                hint: "the first item determines the value for the X axis \
+                       and the second item the value for the Y axis"
+            ),
+        }
     }
-    },
 }
 
-cast! {
+impl<T: IntoValue> IntoValue for Axes<T> {
-    Axes<Length>,
+    fn into_value(self) -> Value {
-    self => array![self.x, self.y].into_value(),
+        array![self.x.into_value(), self.y.into_value()].into_value()
-    array: Array => {
-        let mut iter = array.into_iter();
-        match (iter.next(), iter.next(), iter.next()) {
-            (Some(a), Some(b), None) => Axes::new(a.cast()?, b.cast()?),
-            _ => bail!("length array must contain exactly two entries"),
     }
-    },
 }
 
 impl<T: Resolve> Resolve for Axes<T> {

crates/typst-library/src/layout/grid/mod.rs

@@ -496,6 +496,16 @@ pub struct GridFooter {
     #[default(true)]
     pub repeat: bool,
 
+    /// The level of the footer. Must not be zero.
+    ///
+    /// This allows repeating multiple footers at once. Footers with different
+    /// levels can repeat together, as long as they have descending levels.
+    ///
+    /// Notably, when a footer with a lower level stops repeating, all higher
+    /// or equal level headers start repeating, replacing the previous footer.
+    #[default(NonZeroU32::ONE)]
+    pub level: NonZeroU32,
+
     /// The cells and lines within the footer.
     #[variadic]
     pub children: Vec<GridItem>,

crates/typst-library/src/layout/grid/resolve.rs

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ pub fn grid_to_cellgrid<'a>(
         },
         GridChild::Footer(footer) => ResolvableGridChild::Footer {
             repeat: footer.repeat(styles),
+            level: footer.level(styles),
             span: footer.span(),
             items: footer.children.iter().map(resolve_item),
         },
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ pub fn table_to_cellgrid<'a>(
         },
         TableChild::Footer(footer) => ResolvableGridChild::Footer {
             repeat: footer.repeat(styles),
+            level: footer.level(styles),
             span: footer.span(),
             items: footer.children.iter().map(resolve_item),
         },
@@ -445,31 +447,22 @@ pub struct Header {
 }
 
 /// A repeatable grid footer. Stops at the last row.
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Footer {
-    /// The first row included in this footer.
+    /// The range of rows included in this footer.
-    pub start: usize,
+    pub range: Range<usize>,
-    /// The index after the last row included in this footer.
-    pub end: usize,
     /// The footer's level.
     ///
     /// Used similarly to header level.
     pub level: u32,
 }
 
-impl Footer {
-    /// The footer's range of included rows.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn range(&self) -> Range<usize> {
-        self.start..self.end
-    }
-}
-
 /// A possibly repeatable grid child (header or footer).
 ///
 /// It still exists even when not repeatable, but must not have additional
 /// considerations by grid layout, other than for consistency (such as making
 /// a certain group of rows unbreakable).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Repeatable<T> {
     inner: T,
 
@@ -656,7 +649,7 @@ impl<'a> Entry<'a> {
 /// Any grid child, which can be either a header or an item.
 pub enum ResolvableGridChild<T: ResolvableCell, I> {
     Header { repeat: bool, level: NonZeroU32, span: Span, items: I },
-    Footer { repeat: bool, span: Span, items: I },
+    Footer { repeat: bool, level: NonZeroU32, span: Span, items: I },
     Item(ResolvableGridItem<T>),
 }
 
@@ -678,8 +671,12 @@ pub struct CellGrid<'a> {
     pub hlines: Vec<Vec<Line>>,
     /// The repeatable headers of this grid.
     pub headers: Vec<Repeatable<Header>>,
-    /// The repeatable footer of this grid.
+    /// The repeatable footers of this grid.
-    pub footer: Option<Repeatable<Footer>>,
+    pub footers: Vec<Repeatable<Footer>>,
+    /// Footers sorted by order of when they start repeating, or should
+    /// otherwise be laid out for the first time (even if only once, for
+    /// non-repeating footers).
+    pub sorted_footers: Vec<Repeatable<Footer>>,
     /// Whether this grid has gutters.
     pub has_gutter: bool,
 }
@@ -692,7 +689,7 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
         cells: impl IntoIterator<Item = Cell<'a>>,
     ) -> Self {
         let entries = cells.into_iter().map(Entry::Cell).collect();
-        Self::new_internal(tracks, gutter, vec![], vec![], vec![], None, entries)
+        Self::new_internal(tracks, gutter, vec![], vec![], vec![], vec![], entries)
     }
 
     /// Generates the cell grid, given the tracks and resolved entries.
@@ -702,7 +699,7 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
         vlines: Vec<Vec<Line>>,
         hlines: Vec<Vec<Line>>,
         headers: Vec<Repeatable<Header>>,
-        footer: Option<Repeatable<Footer>>,
+        footers: Vec<Repeatable<Footer>>,
         entries: Vec<Entry<'a>>,
     ) -> Self {
         let mut cols = vec![];
@@ -749,6 +746,8 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
             rows.pop();
         }
 
+        let sorted_footers = simulate_footer_repetition(&footers);
+
         Self {
             cols,
             rows,
@@ -756,7 +755,8 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
             vlines,
             hlines,
             headers,
-            footer,
+            footers,
+            sorted_footers,
             has_gutter,
         }
     }
@@ -895,6 +895,11 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
     pub fn has_repeated_headers(&self) -> bool {
         self.headers.iter().any(|h| h.repeated)
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn has_repeated_footers(&self) -> bool {
+        self.footers.iter().any(|f| f.repeated)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Resolves and positions all cells in the grid before creating it.
@@ -977,6 +982,7 @@ struct RowGroupData {
     ///
     /// This stays as `None` for fully empty headers and footers.
     range: Option<Range<usize>>,
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // TODO: should we remove this?
     span: Span,
     kind: RowGroupKind,
 
@@ -1034,15 +1040,13 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
         let has_gutter = self.gutter.any(|tracks| !tracks.is_empty());
 
         let mut headers: Vec<Repeatable<Header>> = vec![];
+        let mut footers: Vec<Repeatable<Footer>> = vec![];
 
-        // Stores where the footer is supposed to end, its span, and the
+        // The first and last rows containing a cell outside a row group, that
-        // actual footer structure.
+        // is, outside a header or footer. Headers after the last such row and
-        let mut footer: Option<(usize, Span, Footer)> = None;
+        // footers before the first such row have no "children" cells and thus
-        let mut repeat_footer = false;
+        // are not repeated.
-
+        let mut first_last_cell_rows = None;
-        // If true, there has been at least one cell besides headers and
-        // footers. When false, footers at the end are forced to not repeat.
-        let mut at_least_one_cell = false;
 
         // We can't just use the cell's index in the 'cells' vector to
         // determine its automatic position, since cells could have arbitrary
@@ -1060,10 +1064,11 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
         // automatically-positioned cell.
         let mut auto_index: usize = 0;
 
-        // The next header after the latest auto-positioned cell. This is used
+        // The next header and footer after the latest auto-positioned cell.
-        // to avoid checking for collision with headers that were already
+        // These are used to avoid checking for collision with headers that
-        // skipped.
+        // were already skipped.
         let mut next_header = 0;
+        let mut next_footer = 0;
 
         // We have to rebuild the grid to account for fixed cell positions.
         //
@@ -1086,12 +1091,12 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
                 &mut pending_hlines,
                 &mut pending_vlines,
                 &mut headers,
-                &mut footer,
+                &mut footers,
-                &mut repeat_footer,
                 &mut auto_index,
                 &mut next_header,
+                &mut next_footer,
                 &mut resolved_cells,
-                &mut at_least_one_cell,
+                &mut first_last_cell_rows,
                 child,
             )?;
         }
@@ -1107,13 +1112,12 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
             row_amount,
         )?;
 
-        let footer = self.finalize_headers_and_footers(
+        self.finalize_headers_and_footers(
             has_gutter,
             &mut headers,
-            footer,
+            &mut footers,
-            repeat_footer,
             row_amount,
-            at_least_one_cell,
+            first_last_cell_rows,
         )?;
 
         Ok(CellGrid::new_internal(
@@ -1122,7 +1126,7 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
             vlines,
             hlines,
             headers,
-            footer,
+            footers,
             resolved_cells,
         ))
     }
@@ -1142,12 +1146,12 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
         pending_hlines: &mut Vec<(Span, Line, bool)>,
         pending_vlines: &mut Vec<(Span, Line)>,
         headers: &mut Vec<Repeatable<Header>>,
-        footer: &mut Option<(usize, Span, Footer)>,
+        footers: &mut Vec<Repeatable<Footer>>,
-        repeat_footer: &mut bool,
         auto_index: &mut usize,
         next_header: &mut usize,
+        next_footer: &mut usize,
         resolved_cells: &mut Vec<Option<Entry<'x>>>,
-        at_least_one_cell: &mut bool,
+        first_last_cell_rows: &mut Option<(usize, usize)>,
         child: ResolvableGridChild<T, I>,
     ) -> SourceResult<()>
     where
@@ -1198,6 +1202,12 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
             &mut (*next_header).clone()
         };
 
+        let local_next_footer = if matches!(child, ResolvableGridChild::Item(_)) {
+            next_footer
+        } else {
+            &mut (*next_footer).clone()
+        };
+
         // The first row in which this table group can fit.
         //
         // Within headers and footers, this will correspond to the first
@@ -1207,7 +1217,7 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
         let mut first_available_row = 0;
 
         let (header_footer_items, simple_item) = match child {
-            ResolvableGridChild::Header { repeat, level, span, items, .. } => {
+            ResolvableGridChild::Header { repeat, level, span, items } => {
                 row_group_data = Some(RowGroupData {
                     range: None,
                     span,
@@ -1234,17 +1244,13 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
 
                 (Some(items), None)
             }
-            ResolvableGridChild::Footer { repeat, span, items, .. } => {
+            ResolvableGridChild::Footer { repeat, level, span, items } => {
-                if footer.is_some() {
-                    bail!(span, "cannot have more than one footer");
-                }
-
                 row_group_data = Some(RowGroupData {
                     range: None,
                     span,
                     repeat,
                     kind: RowGroupKind::Footer,
-                    repeatable_level: NonZeroU32::ONE,
+                    repeatable_level: level,
                     top_hlines_start: pending_hlines.len(),
                     top_hlines_end: None,
                 });
@@ -1256,13 +1262,7 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
 
                 (Some(items), None)
             }
-            ResolvableGridChild::Item(item) => {
+            ResolvableGridChild::Item(item) => (None, Some(item)),
-                if matches!(item, ResolvableGridItem::Cell(_)) {
-                    *at_least_one_cell = true;
-                }
-
-                (None, Some(item))
-            }
         };
 
         let items = header_footer_items.into_iter().flatten().chain(simple_item);
@@ -1382,10 +1382,11 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
                     colspan,
                     rowspan,
                     headers,
-                    footer.as_ref(),
+                    footers,
                     resolved_cells,
                     local_auto_index,
                     local_next_header,
+                    local_next_footer,
                     first_available_row,
                     columns,
                     row_group_data.is_some(),
@@ -1443,6 +1444,13 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
                     // no longer appear at the top.
                     *top_hlines_end = Some(pending_hlines.len());
                 }
+            } else {
+                // This is a cell outside a row group.
+                *first_last_cell_rows = Some(
+                    first_last_cell_rows
+                        .map(|(first, last)| (first.min(y), last.max(y)))
+                        .unwrap_or((y, y)),
+                );
             }
 
             // Let's resolve the cell so it can determine its own fields
@@ -1607,23 +1615,18 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
                 RowGroupKind::Footer => {
                     // Only check if the footer is at the end later, once we know
                     // the final amount of rows.
-                    *footer = Some((
+                    let data = Footer {
-                        group_range.end,
+                        // Later on, we have to correct this range in case there
-                        row_group.span,
-                        Footer {
-                            // Later on, we have to correct this number in case there
                         // is gutter, but only once all cells have been analyzed
                         // and the header's and footer's exact boundaries are
                         // known. That is because the gutter row immediately
                         // before the footer might not be included as part of
                         // the footer if it is contained within the header.
-                            start: group_range.start,
+                        range: group_range,
-                            end: group_range.end,
+                        level: row_group.repeatable_level.get(),
-                            level: 1,
+                    };
-                        },
-                    ));
 
-                    *repeat_footer = row_group.repeat;
+                    footers.push(Repeatable { inner: data, repeated: row_group.repeat });
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1788,36 +1791,41 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
     ///    an adjacent gutter row to be repeated alongside that header or
     ///    footer, if there is gutter;
     /// 3. Wrap headers and footers in the correct [`Repeatable`] variant.
-    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
     fn finalize_headers_and_footers(
         &self,
         has_gutter: bool,
         headers: &mut [Repeatable<Header>],
-        footer: Option<(usize, Span, Footer)>,
+        footers: &mut [Repeatable<Footer>],
-        repeat_footer: bool,
         row_amount: usize,
-        at_least_one_cell: bool,
+        first_last_cell_rows: Option<(usize, usize)>,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Option<Repeatable<Footer>>> {
+    ) -> SourceResult<()> {
         // Mark consecutive headers right before the end of the table, or the
-        // final footer, as short lived, given that there are no normal rows
+        // footers at the end, as short lived, given that there are no normal
-        // after them, so repeating them is pointless.
+        // rows after them, so repeating them is pointless.
         //
-        // It is important to do this BEFORE we update header and footer ranges
+        // Same for consecutive footers right after the start of the table or
-        // due to gutter below as 'row_amount' doesn't consider gutter.
+        // any initial headers.
-        //
+        if let Some((first_cell_row, last_cell_row)) = first_last_cell_rows {
-        // TODO(subfooters): take the last footer if it is at the end and
+            for header in
-        // backtrack through consecutive footers until the first one in the
+                headers.iter_mut().rev().take_while(|h| h.range.start > last_cell_row)
-        // sequence is found. If there is no footer at the end, there are no
+            {
-        // haeders to turn short-lived.
+                header.short_lived = true;
-        let mut consecutive_header_start =
+            }
-            footer.as_ref().map(|(_, _, f)| f.start).unwrap_or(row_amount);
-        for header_at_the_end in headers.iter_mut().rev().take_while(move |h| {
-            let at_the_end = h.range.end == consecutive_header_start;
 
-            consecutive_header_start = h.range.start;
+            for footer in footers.iter_mut().take_while(|f| f.range.end <= first_cell_row)
-            at_the_end
+            {
-        }) {
+                // TODO(subfooters): short lived
-            header_at_the_end.short_lived = true;
+                footer.repeated = false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // No cells outside headers or footers, so nobody repeats!
+            for header in &mut *headers {
+                header.short_lived = true;
+            }
+            for footer in &mut *footers {
+                // TODO(subfooters): short lived
+                footer.repeated = false;
+            }
         }
 
         // Repeat the gutter below a header (hence why we don't
@@ -1849,14 +1857,8 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
                 let row_amount = (2 * row_amount).saturating_sub(1);
                 header.range.end = header.range.end.min(row_amount);
             }
-        }
-
-        let footer = footer
-            .map(|(footer_end, footer_span, mut footer)| {
-                if footer_end != row_amount {
-                    bail!(footer_span, "footer must end at the last row");
-                }
 
+            for footer in &mut *footers {
                 // TODO(subfooters): will need a global slice of headers and
                 // footers for when we have multiple footers
                 // Alternatively, never include the gutter in the footer's
@@ -1869,15 +1871,15 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
                 // out the footer for real, the mechanism can be disabled.
                 let last_header_end = headers.last().map(|header| header.range.end);
 
-                if has_gutter {
                 // Convert the footer's start index to post-gutter coordinates.
-                    footer.start *= 2;
+                footer.range.start *= 2;
 
+                // TODO: this probably has to change
                 // Include the gutter right before the footer, unless there is
                 // none, or the gutter is already included in the header (no
                 // rows between the header and the footer).
-                    if last_header_end != Some(footer.start) {
+                if last_header_end != Some(footer.range.start) {
-                        footer.start = footer.start.saturating_sub(1);
+                    footer.range.start = footer.range.start.saturating_sub(1);
                 }
 
                 // Adapt footer end but DO NOT include the gutter below it,
@@ -1890,24 +1892,11 @@ impl<'x> CellGridResolver<'_, '_, 'x> {
                 //
                 // It also keeps us within the total amount of rows, so we
                 // don't need to '.min()' later.
-                    footer.end = (2 * footer.end).saturating_sub(1);
+                footer.range.end = (2 * footer.range.end).saturating_sub(1);
+            }
         }
 
-                Ok(footer)
+        Ok(())
-            })
-            .transpose()?
-            .map(|footer| {
-                // Don't repeat footers when the table only has headers and
-                // footers.
-                // TODO(subfooters): Switch this to marking the last N
-                // consecutive footers as short lived.
-                Repeatable {
-                    inner: footer,
-                    repeated: repeat_footer && at_least_one_cell,
-                }
-            });
-
-        Ok(footer)
     }
 
     /// Resolves the cell's fields based on grid-wide properties.
@@ -2079,7 +2068,7 @@ fn expand_row_group(
 /// Check if a cell's fixed row would conflict with a header or footer.
 fn check_for_conflicting_cell_row(
     headers: &[Repeatable<Header>],
-    footer: Option<&(usize, Span, Footer)>,
+    footers: &[Repeatable<Footer>],
     cell_y: usize,
     rowspan: usize,
 ) -> HintedStrResult<()> {
@@ -2098,14 +2087,15 @@ fn check_for_conflicting_cell_row(
         );
     }
 
-    if let Some((_, _, footer)) = footer {
+    if footers
-        if cell_y < footer.end && cell_y + rowspan > footer.start {
+        .iter()
+        .any(|footer| cell_y < footer.range.end && cell_y + rowspan > footer.range.start)
+    {
         bail!(
             "cell would conflict with footer spanning the same position";
             hint: "try reducing the cell's rowspan or moving the footer"
         );
     }
-    }
 
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -2126,10 +2116,11 @@ fn resolve_cell_position(
     colspan: usize,
     rowspan: usize,
     headers: &[Repeatable<Header>],
-    footer: Option<&(usize, Span, Footer)>,
+    footers: &[Repeatable<Footer>],
     resolved_cells: &[Option<Entry>],
     auto_index: &mut usize,
     next_header: &mut usize,
+    next_footer: &mut usize,
     first_available_row: usize,
     columns: usize,
     in_row_group: bool,
@@ -2152,11 +2143,12 @@ fn resolve_cell_position(
             // simply skipping existing cells, headers and footers.
             let resolved_index = find_next_available_position(
                 headers,
-                footer,
+                footers,
                 resolved_cells,
                 columns,
                 *auto_index,
                 next_header,
+                next_footer,
                 false,
             )?;
 
@@ -2193,7 +2185,7 @@ fn resolve_cell_position(
                 // footer (but only if it isn't already in one, otherwise there
                 // will already be a separate check).
                 if !in_row_group {
-                    check_for_conflicting_cell_row(headers, footer, cell_y, rowspan)?;
+                    check_for_conflicting_cell_row(headers, footers, cell_y, rowspan)?;
                 }
 
                 cell_index(cell_x, cell_y)
@@ -2212,25 +2204,26 @@ fn resolve_cell_position(
                 // cell in.
                 find_next_available_position(
                     headers,
-                    footer,
+                    footers,
                     resolved_cells,
                     columns,
                     initial_index,
-                    // Make our own copy of the 'next_header' counter, since it
+                    // Make new copies of the 'next_header/footer' counters,
-                    // should only be updated by auto cells. However, we cannot
+                    // since they should only be updated by auto cells.
-                    // start with the same value as we are searching from the
+                    // However, we cannot start with the same values as we are
-                    // start, and not from 'auto_index', so auto cells might
+                    // searching from the start, and not from 'auto_index', so
-                    // have skipped some headers already which this cell will
+                    // auto cells might have skipped some headers and footers
-                    // also need to skip.
+                    // already which this cell will also need to skip.
                     //
-                    // We could, in theory, keep a separate 'next_header'
+                    // We could, in theory, keep separate 'next_header/footer'
-                    // counter for cells with fixed columns. But then we would
+                    // counters for cells with fixed columns. But then we would
                     // need one for every column, and much like how there isn't
                     // an index counter for each column either, the potential
                     // speed gain seems less relevant for a less used feature.
                     // Still, it is something to consider for the future if
                     // this turns out to be a bottleneck in important cases.
                     &mut 0,
+                    &mut 0,
                     true,
                 )
             }
@@ -2241,7 +2234,7 @@ fn resolve_cell_position(
             // footer (but only if it isn't already in one, otherwise there
             // will already be a separate check).
             if !in_row_group {
-                check_for_conflicting_cell_row(headers, footer, cell_y, rowspan)?;
+                check_for_conflicting_cell_row(headers, footers, cell_y, rowspan)?;
             }
 
             // Let's find the first column which has that row available.
@@ -2276,14 +2269,16 @@ fn resolve_cell_position(
 ///
 /// When `skip_rows` is true, one row is skipped on each iteration, preserving
 /// the column. That is used to find a position for a fixed column cell.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 #[inline]
 fn find_next_available_position(
     headers: &[Repeatable<Header>],
-    footer: Option<&(usize, Span, Footer)>,
+    footers: &[Repeatable<Footer>],
     resolved_cells: &[Option<Entry<'_>>],
     columns: usize,
     initial_index: usize,
     next_header: &mut usize,
+    next_footer: &mut usize,
     skip_rows: bool,
 ) -> HintedStrResult<usize> {
     let mut resolved_index = initial_index;
@@ -2327,15 +2322,20 @@ fn find_next_available_position(
 
             // From now on, only check the headers afterwards.
             *next_header += 1;
-        } else if let Some((footer_end, _, _)) = footer.filter(|(end, _, footer)| {
+        } else if let Some(footer) = footers
-            resolved_index >= footer.start * columns && resolved_index < *end * columns
+            .get(*next_footer)
-        }) {
+            .filter(|footer| resolved_index >= footer.range.start * columns)
+        {
             // Skip footer, for the same reason.
-            resolved_index = *footer_end * columns;
+            if resolved_index < footer.range.end * columns {
+                resolved_index = footer.range.end * columns;
 
                 if skip_rows {
                     resolved_index += initial_index % columns;
                 }
+            }
+
+            *next_footer += 1;
         } else {
             return Ok(resolved_index);
         }
@@ -2389,3 +2389,50 @@ fn skip_auto_index_through_fully_merged_rows(
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Generates a vector where all footers are sorted ahead of time by the points
+/// at which they start repeating. When a new footer is about to be laid out,
+/// conflicting footers which come before it in this vector must stop
+/// repeating.
+fn simulate_footer_repetition(footers: &[Repeatable<Footer>]) -> Vec<Repeatable<Footer>> {
+    if footers.len() <= 1 {
+        return footers.to_vec();
+    }
+
+    let mut ordered_footers = Vec::with_capacity(footers.len());
+    let mut repeating_footers: Vec<&Repeatable<Footer>> = vec![];
+
+    // Read footers in reverse, using the same algorithm as headers to
+    // determine when a footer starts and stops repeating, but going from grid
+    // end to start. When it stops repeating, that's when it will start
+    // repeating in proper layout (from start to end), whereas it starts
+    // repeating here when it should stop repeating in practice. So,
+    // effectively, repeated footer layout is the same as for headers, but
+    // reversed, which we take advantage of by doing it reversed and then
+    // reversing it all back later.
+    for footer in footers.iter().rev() {
+        // Keep only lower level footers. Assume sorted by increasing levels.
+        let stopped_repeating = repeating_footers
+            .drain(repeating_footers.partition_point(|f| f.level < footer.level)..);
+
+        // If they stopped repeating here, that's when they will start
+        // repeating. We save them in reverse of the reverse order so they stay
+        // sorted by increasing levels when we reverse `ordered_footers` later.
+        ordered_footers.extend(stopped_repeating.rev().cloned());
+
+        if footer.repeated {
+            // Start repeating now. Vector stays sorted by increasing levels,
+            // as any higher-level footers stopped repeating now.
+            repeating_footers.push(footer);
+        } else {
+            // Immediately finishes repeating.
+            ordered_footers.push(footer.clone());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Push remaining footers that repeat starting from the top of the grid
+    ordered_footers.extend(repeating_footers.into_iter().rev().cloned());
+    ordered_footers.reverse();
+
+    ordered_footers
+}

crates/typst-library/src/lib.rs

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ pub struct Library {
     /// The default style properties (for page size, font selection, and
     /// everything else configurable via set and show rules).
     pub styles: Styles,
-    /// The standard library as a value. Used to provide the `std` variable.
+    /// The standard library as a value. Used to provide the `std` module.
     pub std: Binding,
     /// In-development features that were enabled.
     pub features: Features,

crates/typst-library/src/math/accent.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
+
+use icu_properties::maps::CodePointMapData;
+use icu_properties::CanonicalCombiningClass;
+use icu_provider::AsDeserializingBufferProvider;
+use icu_provider_blob::BlobDataProvider;
+
 use crate::diag::bail;
 use crate::foundations::{cast, elem, func, Content, NativeElement, SymbolElem};
 use crate::layout::{Length, Rel};
@@ -81,17 +88,22 @@ impl Accent {
         Self(Self::combine(c).unwrap_or(c))
     }
 
-    /// List of bottom accents. Currently just a list of ones included in the
-    /// Unicode math class document.
-    const BOTTOM: &[char] = &[
-        '\u{0323}', '\u{032C}', '\u{032D}', '\u{032E}', '\u{032F}', '\u{0330}',
-        '\u{0331}', '\u{0332}', '\u{0333}', '\u{033A}', '\u{20E8}', '\u{20EC}',
-        '\u{20ED}', '\u{20EE}', '\u{20EF}',
-    ];
-
     /// Whether this accent is a bottom accent or not.
     pub fn is_bottom(&self) -> bool {
-        Self::BOTTOM.contains(&self.0)
+        static COMBINING_CLASS_DATA: LazyLock<CodePointMapData<CanonicalCombiningClass>> =
+            LazyLock::new(|| {
+                icu_properties::maps::load_canonical_combining_class(
+                    &BlobDataProvider::try_new_from_static_blob(typst_assets::icu::ICU)
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .as_deserializing(),
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+            });
+
+        matches!(
+            COMBINING_CLASS_DATA.as_borrowed().get(self.0),
+            CanonicalCombiningClass::Below
+        )
     }
 }
 

crates/typst-library/src/model/bibliography.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use hayagriva::{
 };
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
-use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned, SyntaxMode};
 use typst_utils::{Get, ManuallyHash, NonZeroExt, PicoStr};
 
 use crate::diag::{
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ use crate::model::{
     CitationForm, CiteGroup, Destination, FootnoteElem, HeadingElem, LinkElem, ParElem,
     Url,
 };
-use crate::routines::{EvalMode, Routines};
+use crate::routines::Routines;
 use crate::text::{
     FontStyle, Lang, LocalName, Region, Smallcaps, SubElem, SuperElem, TextElem,
     WeightDelta,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ use crate::World;
 /// ```
 #[elem(Locatable, Synthesize, Show, ShowSet, LocalName)]
 pub struct BibliographyElem {
-    /// One or multiple paths to or raw bytes for Hayagriva `.yml` and/or
+    /// One or multiple paths to or raw bytes for Hayagriva `.yaml` and/or
     /// BibLaTeX `.bib` files.
     ///
     /// This can be a:
@@ -321,7 +321,11 @@ impl Bibliography {
         for d in data.iter() {
             let library = decode_library(d)?;
             for entry in library {
-                match map.entry(Label::new(PicoStr::intern(entry.key()))) {
+                let label = Label::new(PicoStr::intern(entry.key()))
+                    .ok_or("bibliography contains entry with empty key")
+                    .at(d.source.span)?;
+
+                match map.entry(label) {
                     indexmap::map::Entry::Vacant(vacant) => {
                         vacant.insert(entry);
                     }
@@ -385,7 +389,7 @@ fn decode_library(loaded: &Loaded) -> SourceResult<Library> {
                 .within(loaded),
             _ => bail!(
                 loaded.source.span,
-                "unknown bibliography format (must be .yml/.yaml or .bib)"
+                "unknown bibliography format (must be .yaml/.yml or .bib)"
             ),
         }
     } else {
@@ -592,7 +596,7 @@ impl Works {
 
 /// Context for generating the bibliography.
 struct Generator<'a> {
-    /// The routines that is used to evaluate mathematical material in citations.
+    /// The routines that are used to evaluate mathematical material in citations.
     routines: &'a Routines,
     /// The world that is used to evaluate mathematical material in citations.
     world: Tracked<'a, dyn World + 'a>,
@@ -609,7 +613,7 @@ struct Generator<'a> {
 
 /// Details about a group of merged citations. All citations are put into groups
 /// of adjacent ones (e.g., `@foo @bar` will merge into a group of length two).
-/// Even single citations will be put into groups of length ones.
+/// Even single citations will be put into groups of length one.
 struct GroupInfo {
     /// The group's location.
     location: Location,
@@ -1024,7 +1028,7 @@ impl ElemRenderer<'_> {
             Sink::new().track_mut(),
             math,
             self.span,
-            EvalMode::Math,
+            SyntaxMode::Math,
             Scope::new(),
         )
         .map(Value::display)

crates/typst-library/src/model/outline.rs

@@ -225,25 +225,21 @@ pub struct OutlineElem {
     ///   to just specifying `{2em}`.
     ///
     /// ```example
-    /// #set heading(numbering: "1.a.")
+    /// >>> #show heading: none
+    /// #set heading(numbering: "I-I.")
+    /// #set outline(title: none)
     ///
-    /// #outline(
+    /// #outline()
-    ///   title: [Contents (Automatic)],
+    /// #line(length: 100%)
-    ///   indent: auto,
+    /// #outline(indent: 3em)
-    /// )
     ///
-    /// #outline(
+    /// = Software engineering technologies
-    ///   title: [Contents (Length)],
+    /// == Requirements
-    ///   indent: 2em,
+    /// == Tools and technologies
-    /// )
+    /// === Code editors
-    ///
+    /// == Analyzing alternatives
-    /// = About ACME Corp.
+    /// = Designing software components
-    /// == History
+    /// = Testing and integration
-    /// === Origins
-    /// #lorem(10)
-    ///
-    /// == Products
-    /// #lorem(10)
     /// ```
     pub indent: Smart<OutlineIndent>,
 }
@@ -450,8 +446,9 @@ impl OutlineEntry {
     /// at the same level are aligned.
     ///
     /// If the outline's indent is a fixed value or a function, the prefixes are
-    /// indented, but the inner contents are simply inset from the prefix by the
+    /// indented, but the inner contents are simply offset from the prefix by
-    /// specified `gap`, rather than aligning outline-wide.
+    /// the specified `gap`, rather than aligning outline-wide. For a visual
+    /// explanation, see [`outline.indent`]($outline.indent).
     #[func(contextual)]
     pub fn indented(
         &self,

crates/typst-library/src/model/reference.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::diag::{bail, At, Hint, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
     cast, elem, Cast, Content, Context, Func, IntoValue, Label, NativeElement, Packed,
-    Show, Smart, StyleChain, Synthesize,
+    Repr, Show, Smart, StyleChain, Synthesize,
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Counter, CounterKey, Locatable};
 use crate::math::EquationElem;
@@ -79,6 +79,36 @@ use crate::text::TextElem;
 /// reference: `[@intro[Chapter]]`.
 ///
 /// # Customization
+/// When you only ever need to reference pages of a figure/table/heading/etc. in
+/// a document, the default `form` field value can be changed to `{"page"}` with
+/// a set rule. If you prefer a short "p." supplement over "page", the
+/// [`page.supplement`]($page.supplement) field can be used for changing this:
+///
+/// ```example
+/// #set page(
+///   numbering: "1",
+///   supplement: "p.",
+/// >>> margin: (bottom: 3em),
+/// >>> footer-descent: 1.25em,
+/// )
+/// #set ref(form: "page")
+///
+/// #figure(
+///   stack(
+///     dir: ltr,
+///     spacing: 1em,
+///     circle(),
+///     square(),
+///   ),
+///   caption: [Shapes],
+/// ) <shapes>
+///
+/// #pagebreak()
+///
+/// See @shapes for examples
+/// of different shapes.
+/// ```
+///
 /// If you write a show rule for references, you can access the referenced
 /// element through the `element` field of the reference. The `element` may
 /// be `{none}` even if it exists if Typst hasn't discovered it yet, so you
@@ -91,16 +121,13 @@ use crate::text::TextElem;
 /// #show ref: it => {
 ///   let eq = math.equation
 ///   let el = it.element
-///   if el != none and el.func() == eq {
+///   // Skip all other references.
+///   if el == none or el.func() != eq { return it }
 ///   // Override equation references.
-///     link(el.location(),numbering(
+///   link(el.location(), numbering(
 ///     el.numbering,
 ///     ..counter(eq).at(el.location())
 ///   ))
-///   } else {
-///     // Other references as usual.
-///     it
-///   }
 /// }
 ///
 /// = Beginnings <beginning>
@@ -229,8 +256,15 @@ impl Show for Packed<RefElem> {
         // RefForm::Normal
 
         if BibliographyElem::has(engine, self.target) {
-            if elem.is_ok() {
+            if let Ok(elem) = elem {
-                bail!(span, "label occurs in the document and its bibliography");
+                bail!(
+                    span,
+                    "label `{}` occurs both in the document and its bibliography",
+                    self.target.repr();
+                    hint: "change either the {}'s label or the \
+                           bibliography key to resolve the ambiguity",
+                    elem.func().name(),
+                );
             }
 
             return Ok(to_citation(self, engine, styles)?.pack().spanned(span));

crates/typst-library/src/model/table.rs

@@ -292,12 +292,35 @@ fn show_cellgrid_html(grid: CellGrid, styles: StyleChain) -> Content {
         elem(tag::tr, Content::sequence(row))
     };
 
-    // TODO(subfooters): similarly to headers, take consecutive footers from
+    // Store all consecutive headers at the start in 'tfoot'. All remaining
-    // the end for 'tfoot'.
+    // headers are just normal rows across the table body. (There doesn't
-    let footer = grid.footer.map(|ft| {
+    // appear to be an equivalent of 'th' for footers in HTML.)
-        let rows = rows.drain(ft.start..);
+    // TODO: test
-        elem(tag::tfoot, Content::sequence(rows.map(|row| tr(tag::td, row))))
+    let footer = {
-    });
+        let mut consecutive_footer_start = grid.rows.len();
+        let footers_at_end = grid
+            .footers
+            .iter()
+            .rev()
+            .take_while(|ft| {
+                let is_consecutive = ft.range.end == consecutive_footer_start;
+                consecutive_footer_start = ft.range.start;
+
+                is_consecutive
+            })
+            .count();
+
+        if footers_at_end > 0 {
+            let last_mid_table_footer = grid.footers.len() - footers_at_end;
+            let removed_footer_rows =
+                grid.footers.get(last_mid_table_footer).unwrap().range.start;
+            let rows = rows.drain(removed_footer_rows..);
+
+            Some(elem(tag::tfoot, Content::sequence(rows.map(|row| tr(tag::td, row)))))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    };
 
     // Store all consecutive headers at the start in 'thead'. All remaining
     // headers are just 'th' rows across the table body.
@@ -567,6 +590,16 @@ pub struct TableFooter {
     #[default(true)]
     pub repeat: bool,
 
+    /// The level of the footer. Must not be zero.
+    ///
+    /// This allows repeating multiple footers at once. Footers with different
+    /// levels can repeat together, as long as they have descending levels.
+    ///
+    /// Notably, when a footer with a lower level stops repeating, all higher
+    /// or equal level headers start repeating, replacing the previous footer.
+    #[default(NonZeroU32::ONE)]
+    pub level: NonZeroU32,
+
     /// The cells and lines within the footer.
     #[variadic]
     pub children: Vec<TableItem>,

crates/typst-library/src/pdf/embed.rs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub struct EmbedElem {
     // We can't distinguish between the two at the moment.
     #[required]
     #[parse(
-        match args.find::<Bytes>()? {
+        match args.eat::<Bytes>()? {
             Some(data) => data,
             None => engine.world.file(id).at(span)?,
         }

crates/typst-library/src/routines.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 
 use comemo::{Tracked, TrackedMut};
-use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_syntax::{Span, SyntaxMode};
 use typst_utils::LazyHash;
 
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ routines! {
         sink: TrackedMut<Sink>,
         string: &str,
         span: Span,
-        mode: EvalMode,
+        mode: SyntaxMode,
         scope: Scope,
     ) -> SourceResult<Value>
 
@@ -312,17 +312,6 @@ routines! {
     ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
 }
 
-/// In which mode to evaluate a string.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Cast)]
-pub enum EvalMode {
-    /// Evaluate as code, as after a hash.
-    Code,
-    /// Evaluate as markup, like in a Typst file.
-    Markup,
-    /// Evaluate as math, as in an equation.
-    Math,
-}
-
 /// Defines what kind of realization we are performing.
 pub enum RealizationKind<'a> {
     /// This the root realization for layout. Requires a mutable reference

crates/typst-library/src/text/deco.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@ use smallvec::smallvec;
 
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain};
+use crate::foundations::{
+    elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain, TargetElem,
+};
+use crate::html::{attr, tag, HtmlElem};
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Corners, Length, Rel, Sides};
 use crate::text::{BottomEdge, BottomEdgeMetric, TextElem, TopEdge, TopEdgeMetric};
 use crate::visualize::{Color, FixedStroke, Paint, Stroke};
@@ -81,6 +84,16 @@ pub struct UnderlineElem {
 impl Show for Packed<UnderlineElem> {
     #[typst_macros::time(name = "underline", span = self.span())]
     fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        if TargetElem::target_in(styles).is_html() {
+            // Note: In modern HTML, `<u>` is not the underline element, but
+            // rather an "Unarticulated Annotation" element (see HTML spec
+            // 4.5.22). Using `text-decoration` instead is recommended by MDN.
+            return Ok(HtmlElem::new(tag::span)
+                .with_attr(attr::style, "text-decoration: underline")
+                .with_body(Some(self.body.clone()))
+                .pack());
+        }
+
         Ok(self.body.clone().styled(TextElem::set_deco(smallvec![Decoration {
             line: DecoLine::Underline {
                 stroke: self.stroke(styles).unwrap_or_default(),
@@ -173,6 +186,13 @@ pub struct OverlineElem {
 impl Show for Packed<OverlineElem> {
     #[typst_macros::time(name = "overline", span = self.span())]
     fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        if TargetElem::target_in(styles).is_html() {
+            return Ok(HtmlElem::new(tag::span)
+                .with_attr(attr::style, "text-decoration: overline")
+                .with_body(Some(self.body.clone()))
+                .pack());
+        }
+
         Ok(self.body.clone().styled(TextElem::set_deco(smallvec![Decoration {
             line: DecoLine::Overline {
                 stroke: self.stroke(styles).unwrap_or_default(),
@@ -250,6 +270,10 @@ pub struct StrikeElem {
 impl Show for Packed<StrikeElem> {
     #[typst_macros::time(name = "strike", span = self.span())]
     fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        if TargetElem::target_in(styles).is_html() {
+            return Ok(HtmlElem::new(tag::s).with_body(Some(self.body.clone())).pack());
+        }
+
         Ok(self.body.clone().styled(TextElem::set_deco(smallvec![Decoration {
             // Note that we do not support evade option for strikethrough.
             line: DecoLine::Strikethrough {
@@ -345,6 +369,12 @@ pub struct HighlightElem {
 impl Show for Packed<HighlightElem> {
     #[typst_macros::time(name = "highlight", span = self.span())]
     fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        if TargetElem::target_in(styles).is_html() {
+            return Ok(HtmlElem::new(tag::mark)
+                .with_body(Some(self.body.clone()))
+                .pack());
+        }
+
         Ok(self.body.clone().styled(TextElem::set_deco(smallvec![Decoration {
             line: DecoLine::Highlight {
                 fill: self.fill(styles),

crates/typst-library/src/text/lang.rs

@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ macro_rules! translation {
     };
 }
 
-const TRANSLATIONS: [(&str, &str); 40] = [
+const TRANSLATIONS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
     translation!("ar"),
     translation!("bg"),
     translation!("ca"),
     translation!("cs"),
     translation!("da"),
     translation!("de"),
+    translation!("el"),
     translation!("en"),
     translation!("es"),
     translation!("et"),
@@ -28,8 +29,8 @@ const TRANSLATIONS: [(&str, &str); 40] = [
     translation!("fi"),
     translation!("fr"),
     translation!("gl"),
-    translation!("el"),
     translation!("he"),
+    translation!("hr"),
     translation!("hu"),
     translation!("id"),
     translation!("is"),
@@ -41,8 +42,8 @@ const TRANSLATIONS: [(&str, &str); 40] = [
     translation!("nl"),
     translation!("nn"),
     translation!("pl"),
-    translation!("pt-PT"),
     translation!("pt"),
+    translation!("pt-PT"),
     translation!("ro"),
     translation!("ru"),
     translation!("sl"),
@@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ const TRANSLATIONS: [(&str, &str); 40] = [
     translation!("tr"),
     translation!("uk"),
     translation!("vi"),
-    translation!("zh-TW"),
     translation!("zh"),
+    translation!("zh-TW"),
 ];
 
 /// An identifier for a natural language.
@@ -312,14 +313,74 @@ fn lang_str(lang: Lang, region: Option<Region>) -> EcoString {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+
     use typst_utils::option_eq;
 
     use super::*;
 
+    fn translation_files_iter() -> impl Iterator<Item = PathBuf> {
+        std::fs::read_dir("translations")
+            .unwrap()
+            .map(|e| e.unwrap().path())
+            .filter(|e| e.is_file() && e.extension().is_some_and(|e| e == "txt"))
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_region_option_eq() {
         let region = Some(Region([b'U', b'S']));
         assert!(option_eq(region, "US"));
         assert!(!option_eq(region, "AB"));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_all_translations_included() {
+        let defined_keys =
+            HashSet::<&str>::from_iter(TRANSLATIONS.iter().map(|(lang, _)| *lang));
+        let mut checked = 0;
+        for file in translation_files_iter() {
+            assert!(
+                defined_keys.contains(
+                    file.file_stem()
+                        .expect("translation file should have basename")
+                        .to_str()
+                        .expect("translation file name should be utf-8 encoded")
+                ),
+                "translation from {:?} should be registered in TRANSLATIONS in {}",
+                file.file_name().unwrap(),
+                file!(),
+            );
+            checked += 1;
+        }
+        assert_eq!(TRANSLATIONS.len(), checked);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_all_translation_files_formatted() {
+        for file in translation_files_iter() {
+            let content = std::fs::read_to_string(&file)
+                .expect("translation file should be in utf-8 encoding");
+            let filename = file.file_name().unwrap();
+            assert!(
+                content.ends_with('\n'),
+                "translation file {filename:?} should end with linebreak",
+            );
+            for line in content.lines() {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    line.trim(),
+                    line,
+                    "line {line:?} in {filename:?} should not have extra whitespaces"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_translations_sorted() {
+        assert!(
+            TRANSLATIONS.is_sorted_by_key(|(lang, _)| lang),
+            "TRANSLATIONS should be sorted"
+        );
+    }
 }

crates/typst-library/src/text/raw.rs

@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ fn to_typst(synt::Color { r, g, b, a }: synt::Color) -> Color {
 }
 
 fn to_syn(color: Color) -> synt::Color {
-    let [r, g, b, a] = color.to_rgb().to_vec4_u8();
+    let (r, g, b, a) = color.to_rgb().into_format::<u8, u8>().into_components();
     synt::Color { r, g, b, a }
 }
 

crates/typst-library/src/visualize/color.rs

@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ impl Color {
         color: Color,
     ) -> SourceResult<Color> {
         Ok(if let Some(color) = args.find::<Color>()? {
-            color.to_luma()
+            Color::Luma(color.to_luma())
         } else {
             let Component(gray) =
                 args.expect("gray component").unwrap_or(Component(Ratio::one()));
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ impl Color {
         color: Color,
     ) -> SourceResult<Color> {
         Ok(if let Some(color) = args.find::<Color>()? {
-            color.to_oklab()
+            Color::Oklab(color.to_oklab())
         } else {
             let RatioComponent(l) = args.expect("lightness component")?;
             let ChromaComponent(a) = args.expect("A component")?;
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ impl Color {
         color: Color,
     ) -> SourceResult<Color> {
         Ok(if let Some(color) = args.find::<Color>()? {
-            color.to_oklch()
+            Color::Oklch(color.to_oklch())
         } else {
             let RatioComponent(l) = args.expect("lightness component")?;
             let ChromaComponent(c) = args.expect("chroma component")?;
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ impl Color {
         color: Color,
     ) -> SourceResult<Color> {
         Ok(if let Some(color) = args.find::<Color>()? {
-            color.to_linear_rgb()
+            Color::LinearRgb(color.to_linear_rgb())
         } else {
             let Component(r) = args.expect("red component")?;
             let Component(g) = args.expect("green component")?;
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ impl Color {
         Ok(if let Some(string) = args.find::<Spanned<Str>>()? {
             Self::from_str(&string.v).at(string.span)?
         } else if let Some(color) = args.find::<Color>()? {
-            color.to_rgb()
+            Color::Rgb(color.to_rgb())
         } else {
             let Component(r) = args.expect("red component")?;
             let Component(g) = args.expect("green component")?;
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ impl Color {
         color: Color,
     ) -> SourceResult<Color> {
         Ok(if let Some(color) = args.find::<Color>()? {
-            color.to_cmyk()
+            Color::Cmyk(color.to_cmyk())
         } else {
             let RatioComponent(c) = args.expect("cyan component")?;
             let RatioComponent(m) = args.expect("magenta component")?;
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ impl Color {
         color: Color,
     ) -> SourceResult<Color> {
         Ok(if let Some(color) = args.find::<Color>()? {
-            color.to_hsl()
+            Color::Hsl(color.to_hsl())
         } else {
             let h: Angle = args.expect("hue component")?;
             let Component(s) = args.expect("saturation component")?;
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ impl Color {
         color: Color,
     ) -> SourceResult<Color> {
         Ok(if let Some(color) = args.find::<Color>()? {
-            color.to_hsv()
+            Color::Hsv(color.to_hsv())
         } else {
             let h: Angle = args.expect("hue component")?;
             let Component(s) = args.expect("saturation component")?;
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ impl Color {
     /// omitted if it is equal to `ff` (255 / 100%).
     #[func]
     pub fn to_hex(self) -> EcoString {
-        let [r, g, b, a] = self.to_rgb().to_vec4_u8();
+        let (r, g, b, a) = self.to_rgb().into_format::<u8, u8>().into_components();
         if a != 255 {
             eco_format!("#{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}", r, g, b, a)
         } else {
@@ -886,20 +886,21 @@ impl Color {
         /// The factor to saturate the color by.
         factor: Ratio,
     ) -> SourceResult<Color> {
+        let f = factor.get() as f32;
         Ok(match self {
-            Self::Luma(_) => {
+            Self::Luma(_) => bail!(
-                bail!(
                 span, "cannot saturate grayscale color";
                 hint: "try converting your color to RGB first"
-                );
+            ),
+            Self::Hsl(c) => Self::Hsl(c.saturate(f)),
+            Self::Hsv(c) => Self::Hsv(c.saturate(f)),
+            Self::Oklab(_)
+            | Self::Oklch(_)
+            | Self::LinearRgb(_)
+            | Self::Rgb(_)
+            | Self::Cmyk(_) => {
+                Color::Hsv(self.to_hsv().saturate(f)).to_space(self.space())
             }
-            Self::Oklab(_) => self.to_hsv().saturate(span, factor)?.to_oklab(),
-            Self::Oklch(_) => self.to_hsv().saturate(span, factor)?.to_oklch(),
-            Self::LinearRgb(_) => self.to_hsv().saturate(span, factor)?.to_linear_rgb(),
-            Self::Rgb(_) => self.to_hsv().saturate(span, factor)?.to_rgb(),
-            Self::Cmyk(_) => self.to_hsv().saturate(span, factor)?.to_cmyk(),
-            Self::Hsl(c) => Self::Hsl(c.saturate(factor.get() as f32)),
-            Self::Hsv(c) => Self::Hsv(c.saturate(factor.get() as f32)),
         })
     }
 
@@ -911,20 +912,21 @@ impl Color {
         /// The factor to desaturate the color by.
         factor: Ratio,
     ) -> SourceResult<Color> {
+        let f = factor.get() as f32;
         Ok(match self {
-            Self::Luma(_) => {
+            Self::Luma(_) => bail!(
-                bail!(
                 span, "cannot desaturate grayscale color";
                 hint: "try converting your color to RGB first"
-                );
+            ),
+            Self::Hsl(c) => Self::Hsl(c.desaturate(f)),
+            Self::Hsv(c) => Self::Hsv(c.desaturate(f)),
+            Self::Oklab(_)
+            | Self::Oklch(_)
+            | Self::LinearRgb(_)
+            | Self::Rgb(_)
+            | Self::Cmyk(_) => {
+                Color::Hsv(self.to_hsv().desaturate(f)).to_space(self.space())
             }
-            Self::Oklab(_) => self.to_hsv().desaturate(span, factor)?.to_oklab(),
-            Self::Oklch(_) => self.to_hsv().desaturate(span, factor)?.to_oklch(),
-            Self::LinearRgb(_) => self.to_hsv().desaturate(span, factor)?.to_linear_rgb(),
-            Self::Rgb(_) => self.to_hsv().desaturate(span, factor)?.to_rgb(),
-            Self::Cmyk(_) => self.to_hsv().desaturate(span, factor)?.to_cmyk(),
-            Self::Hsl(c) => Self::Hsl(c.desaturate(factor.get() as f32)),
-            Self::Hsv(c) => Self::Hsv(c.desaturate(factor.get() as f32)),
         })
     }
 
@@ -994,23 +996,17 @@ impl Color {
     ) -> SourceResult<Color> {
         Ok(match space {
             ColorSpace::Oklch => {
-                let Self::Oklch(oklch) = self.to_oklch() else {
+                let oklch = self.to_oklch();
-                    unreachable!();
-                };
                 let rotated = oklch.shift_hue(angle.to_deg() as f32);
                 Self::Oklch(rotated).to_space(self.space())
             }
             ColorSpace::Hsl => {
-                let Self::Hsl(hsl) = self.to_hsl() else {
+                let hsl = self.to_hsl();
-                    unreachable!();
-                };
                 let rotated = hsl.shift_hue(angle.to_deg() as f32);
                 Self::Hsl(rotated).to_space(self.space())
             }
             ColorSpace::Hsv => {
-                let Self::Hsv(hsv) = self.to_hsv() else {
+                let hsv = self.to_hsv();
-                    unreachable!();
-                };
                 let rotated = hsv.shift_hue(angle.to_deg() as f32);
                 Self::Hsv(rotated).to_space(self.space())
             }
@@ -1281,19 +1277,19 @@ impl Color {
 
     pub fn to_space(self, space: ColorSpace) -> Self {
         match space {
-            ColorSpace::Oklab => self.to_oklab(),
+            ColorSpace::D65Gray => Self::Luma(self.to_luma()),
-            ColorSpace::Oklch => self.to_oklch(),
+            ColorSpace::Oklab => Self::Oklab(self.to_oklab()),
-            ColorSpace::Srgb => self.to_rgb(),
+            ColorSpace::Oklch => Self::Oklch(self.to_oklch()),
-            ColorSpace::LinearRgb => self.to_linear_rgb(),
+            ColorSpace::Srgb => Self::Rgb(self.to_rgb()),
-            ColorSpace::Hsl => self.to_hsl(),
+            ColorSpace::LinearRgb => Self::LinearRgb(self.to_linear_rgb()),
-            ColorSpace::Hsv => self.to_hsv(),
+            ColorSpace::Cmyk => Self::Cmyk(self.to_cmyk()),
-            ColorSpace::Cmyk => self.to_cmyk(),
+            ColorSpace::Hsl => Self::Hsl(self.to_hsl()),
-            ColorSpace::D65Gray => self.to_luma(),
+            ColorSpace::Hsv => Self::Hsv(self.to_hsv()),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_luma(self) -> Self {
+    pub fn to_luma(self) -> Luma {
-        Self::Luma(match self {
+        match self {
             Self::Luma(c) => c,
             Self::Oklab(c) => Luma::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklch(c) => Luma::from_color(c),
@@ -1302,11 +1298,11 @@ impl Color {
             Self::Cmyk(c) => Luma::from_color(c.to_rgba()),
             Self::Hsl(c) => Luma::from_color(c),
             Self::Hsv(c) => Luma::from_color(c),
-        })
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_oklab(self) -> Self {
+    pub fn to_oklab(self) -> Oklab {
-        Self::Oklab(match self {
+        match self {
             Self::Luma(c) => Oklab::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklab(c) => c,
             Self::Oklch(c) => Oklab::from_color(c),
@@ -1315,11 +1311,11 @@ impl Color {
             Self::Cmyk(c) => Oklab::from_color(c.to_rgba()),
             Self::Hsl(c) => Oklab::from_color(c),
             Self::Hsv(c) => Oklab::from_color(c),
-        })
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_oklch(self) -> Self {
+    pub fn to_oklch(self) -> Oklch {
-        Self::Oklch(match self {
+        match self {
             Self::Luma(c) => Oklch::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklab(c) => Oklch::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklch(c) => c,
@@ -1328,11 +1324,11 @@ impl Color {
             Self::Cmyk(c) => Oklch::from_color(c.to_rgba()),
             Self::Hsl(c) => Oklch::from_color(c),
             Self::Hsv(c) => Oklch::from_color(c),
-        })
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_rgb(self) -> Self {
+    pub fn to_rgb(self) -> Rgb {
-        Self::Rgb(match self {
+        match self {
             Self::Luma(c) => Rgb::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklab(c) => Rgb::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklch(c) => Rgb::from_color(c),
@@ -1341,11 +1337,11 @@ impl Color {
             Self::Cmyk(c) => Rgb::from_color(c.to_rgba()),
             Self::Hsl(c) => Rgb::from_color(c),
             Self::Hsv(c) => Rgb::from_color(c),
-        })
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_linear_rgb(self) -> Self {
+    pub fn to_linear_rgb(self) -> LinearRgb {
-        Self::LinearRgb(match self {
+        match self {
             Self::Luma(c) => LinearRgb::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklab(c) => LinearRgb::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklch(c) => LinearRgb::from_color(c),
@@ -1354,11 +1350,11 @@ impl Color {
             Self::Cmyk(c) => LinearRgb::from_color(c.to_rgba()),
             Self::Hsl(c) => Rgb::from_color(c).into_linear(),
             Self::Hsv(c) => Rgb::from_color(c).into_linear(),
-        })
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_cmyk(self) -> Self {
+    pub fn to_cmyk(self) -> Cmyk {
-        Self::Cmyk(match self {
+        match self {
             Self::Luma(c) => Cmyk::from_luma(c),
             Self::Oklab(c) => Cmyk::from_rgba(Rgb::from_color(c)),
             Self::Oklch(c) => Cmyk::from_rgba(Rgb::from_color(c)),
@@ -1367,11 +1363,11 @@ impl Color {
             Self::Cmyk(c) => c,
             Self::Hsl(c) => Cmyk::from_rgba(Rgb::from_color(c)),
             Self::Hsv(c) => Cmyk::from_rgba(Rgb::from_color(c)),
-        })
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_hsl(self) -> Self {
+    pub fn to_hsl(self) -> Hsl {
-        Self::Hsl(match self {
+        match self {
             Self::Luma(c) => Hsl::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklab(c) => Hsl::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklch(c) => Hsl::from_color(c),
@@ -1380,11 +1376,11 @@ impl Color {
             Self::Cmyk(c) => Hsl::from_color(c.to_rgba()),
             Self::Hsl(c) => c,
             Self::Hsv(c) => Hsl::from_color(c),
-        })
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_hsv(self) -> Self {
+    pub fn to_hsv(self) -> Hsv {
-        Self::Hsv(match self {
+        match self {
             Self::Luma(c) => Hsv::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklab(c) => Hsv::from_color(c),
             Self::Oklch(c) => Hsv::from_color(c),
@@ -1393,7 +1389,7 @@ impl Color {
             Self::Cmyk(c) => Hsv::from_color(c.to_rgba()),
             Self::Hsl(c) => Hsv::from_color(c),
             Self::Hsv(c) => c,
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 

crates/typst-library/src/visualize/gradient.rs

@@ -1285,24 +1285,17 @@ fn process_stops(stops: &[Spanned<GradientStop>]) -> SourceResult<Vec<(Color, Ra
 /// Sample the stops at a given position.
 fn sample_stops(stops: &[(Color, Ratio)], mixing_space: ColorSpace, t: f64) -> Color {
     let t = t.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
-    let mut low = 0;
+    let mut j = stops.partition_point(|(_, ratio)| ratio.get() < t);
-    let mut high = stops.len();
 
-    while low < high {
+    if j == 0 {
-        let mid = (low + high) / 2;
+        while stops.get(j + 1).is_some_and(|(_, r)| r.is_zero()) {
-        if stops[mid].1.get() < t {
+            j += 1;
-            low = mid + 1;
-        } else {
-            high = mid;
         }
+        return stops[j].0;
     }
 
-    if low == 0 {
+    let (col_0, pos_0) = stops[j - 1];
-        low = 1;
+    let (col_1, pos_1) = stops[j];
-    }
-
-    let (col_0, pos_0) = stops[low - 1];
-    let (col_1, pos_1) = stops[low];
     let t = (t - pos_0.get()) / (pos_1.get() - pos_0.get());
 
     Color::mix_iter(

crates/typst-library/translations/hr.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+figure = Slika
+table = Tablica
+equation = Jednadžba
+bibliography = Literatura
+heading = Odjeljak
+outline = Sadržaj
+raw = Kôd
+page = str.

crates/typst-macros/src/func.rs

@@ -315,15 +315,15 @@ fn create_func_data(func: &Func) -> TokenStream {
 
     quote! {
         #foundations::NativeFuncData {
-            function: #closure,
+            function: #foundations::NativeFuncPtr(&#closure),
             name: #name,
             title: #title,
             docs: #docs,
             keywords: &[#(#keywords),*],
             contextual: #contextual,
-            scope: ::std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| #scope),
+            scope: ::std::sync::LazyLock::new(&|| #scope),
-            params: ::std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| ::std::vec![#(#params),*]),
+            params: ::std::sync::LazyLock::new(&|| ::std::vec![#(#params),*]),
-            returns:  ::std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| <#returns as #foundations::Reflect>::output()),
+            returns:  ::std::sync::LazyLock::new(&|| <#returns as #foundations::Reflect>::output()),
         }
     }
 }

crates/typst-pdf/src/convert.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use krilla::surface::Surface;
 use krilla::{Document, SerializeSettings};
 use krilla_svg::render_svg_glyph;
 use typst_library::diag::{bail, error, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
-use typst_library::foundations::NativeElement;
+use typst_library::foundations::{NativeElement, Repr};
 use typst_library::introspection::Location;
 use typst_library::layout::{
     Abs, Frame, FrameItem, GroupItem, PagedDocument, Size, Transform,
@@ -429,14 +429,18 @@ fn convert_error(
             display_font(gc.fonts_backward.get(f).unwrap());
             hint: "try using a different font"
         ),
-        ValidationError::InvalidCodepointMapping(_, _, cp, loc) => {
+        ValidationError::InvalidCodepointMapping(_, _, c, loc) => {
-            if let Some(c) = cp.map(|c| eco_format!("{:#06x}", c as u32)) {
+            if let Some(c) = c {
                 let msg = if loc.is_some() {
                     "the PDF contains text with"
                 } else {
                     "the text contains"
                 };
-                error!(to_span(*loc), "{prefix} {msg} the disallowed codepoint {c}")
+                error!(
+                    to_span(*loc),
+                    "{prefix} {msg} the disallowed codepoint `{}`",
+                    c.repr()
+                )
             } else {
                 // I think this code path is in theory unreachable,
                 // but just to be safe.
@@ -454,13 +458,12 @@ fn convert_error(
             }
         }
         ValidationError::UnicodePrivateArea(_, _, c, loc) => {
-            let code_point = eco_format!("{:#06x}", *c as u32);
             let msg = if loc.is_some() { "the PDF" } else { "the text" };
             error!(
                 to_span(*loc),
-                "{prefix} {msg} contains the codepoint {code_point}";
+                "{prefix} {msg} contains the codepoint `{}`", c.repr();
                 hint: "codepoints from the Unicode private area are \
-                       forbidden in this export mode"
+                       forbidden in this export mode",
             )
         }
         ValidationError::Transparency(loc) => {

crates/typst-pdf/src/embed.rs

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ pub(crate) fn embed_files(
             },
         };
         let data: Arc<dyn AsRef<[u8]> + Send + Sync> = Arc::new(embed.data.clone());
-        // TODO: update when new krilla version lands (https://github.com/LaurenzV/krilla/pull/203)
+        let compress = should_compress(&embed.data);
-        let compress = should_compress(&embed.data).unwrap_or(true);
 
         let file = EmbeddedFile {
             path,

crates/typst-realize/src/lib.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use typst_library::foundations::{
     SequenceElem, Show, ShowSet, Style, StyleChain, StyledElem, Styles, SymbolElem,
     Synthesize, Transformation,
 };
-use typst_library::html::{tag, HtmlElem};
+use typst_library::html::{tag, FrameElem, HtmlElem};
 use typst_library::introspection::{Locatable, SplitLocator, Tag, TagElem};
 use typst_library::layout::{
     AlignElem, BoxElem, HElem, InlineElem, PageElem, PagebreakElem, VElem,
@@ -237,9 +237,9 @@ fn visit<'a>(
         return Ok(());
     }
 
-    // Transformations for math content based on the realization kind. Needs
+    // Transformations for content based on the realization kind. Needs
     // to happen before show rules.
-    if visit_math_rules(s, content, styles)? {
+    if visit_kind_rules(s, content, styles)? {
         return Ok(());
     }
 
@@ -280,9 +280,8 @@ fn visit<'a>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-// Handles special cases for math in normal content and nested equations in
+// Handles transformations based on the realization kind.
-// math.
+fn visit_kind_rules<'a>(
-fn visit_math_rules<'a>(
     s: &mut State<'a, '_, '_, '_>,
     content: &'a Content,
     styles: StyleChain<'a>,
@@ -335,6 +334,13 @@ fn visit_math_rules<'a>(
         }
     }
 
+    if !s.kind.is_html() {
+        if let Some(elem) = content.to_packed::<FrameElem>() {
+            visit(s, &elem.body, styles)?;
+            return Ok(true);
+        }
+    }
+
     Ok(false)
 }
 

crates/typst-render/src/paint.rs

@@ -255,13 +255,13 @@ pub fn to_sk_paint<'a>(
 }
 
 pub fn to_sk_color(color: Color) -> sk::Color {
-    let [r, g, b, a] = color.to_rgb().to_vec4();
+    let (r, g, b, a) = color.to_rgb().into_components();
     sk::Color::from_rgba(r, g, b, a)
         .expect("components must always be in the range [0..=1]")
 }
 
 pub fn to_sk_color_u8(color: Color) -> sk::ColorU8 {
-    let [r, g, b, a] = color.to_rgb().to_vec4_u8();
+    let (r, g, b, a) = color.to_rgb().into_format::<u8, u8>().into_components();
     sk::ColorU8::from_rgba(r, g, b, a)
 }
 

crates/typst-syntax/src/ast.rs

@@ -724,6 +724,8 @@ node! {
 
 impl<'a> Ref<'a> {
     /// Get the target.
+    ///
+    /// Will not be empty.
     pub fn target(self) -> &'a str {
         self.0
             .children()

crates/typst-syntax/src/lexer.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use unicode_script::{Script, UnicodeScript};
 use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
 use unscanny::Scanner;
 
-use crate::{SyntaxError, SyntaxKind, SyntaxNode};
+use crate::{SyntaxError, SyntaxKind, SyntaxMode, SyntaxNode};
 
 /// An iterator over a source code string which returns tokens.
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -13,28 +13,17 @@ pub(super) struct Lexer<'s> {
     s: Scanner<'s>,
     /// The mode the lexer is in. This determines which kinds of tokens it
     /// produces.
-    mode: LexMode,
+    mode: SyntaxMode,
     /// Whether the last token contained a newline.
     newline: bool,
     /// An error for the last token.
     error: Option<SyntaxError>,
 }
 
-/// What kind of tokens to emit.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
-pub(super) enum LexMode {
-    /// Text and markup.
-    Markup,
-    /// Math atoms, operators, etc.
-    Math,
-    /// Keywords, literals and operators.
-    Code,
-}
-
 impl<'s> Lexer<'s> {
     /// Create a new lexer with the given mode and a prefix to offset column
     /// calculations.
-    pub fn new(text: &'s str, mode: LexMode) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(text: &'s str, mode: SyntaxMode) -> Self {
         Self {
             s: Scanner::new(text),
             mode,
@@ -44,12 +33,12 @@ impl<'s> Lexer<'s> {
     }
 
     /// Get the current lexing mode.
-    pub fn mode(&self) -> LexMode {
+    pub fn mode(&self) -> SyntaxMode {
         self.mode
     }
 
     /// Change the lexing mode.
-    pub fn set_mode(&mut self, mode: LexMode) {
+    pub fn set_mode(&mut self, mode: SyntaxMode) {
         self.mode = mode;
     }
 
@@ -92,7 +81,7 @@ impl Lexer<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Shared methods with all [`LexMode`].
+/// Shared methods with all [`SyntaxMode`].
 impl Lexer<'_> {
     /// Return the next token in our text. Returns both the [`SyntaxNode`]
     /// and the raw [`SyntaxKind`] to make it more ergonomic to check the kind
@@ -114,14 +103,14 @@ impl Lexer<'_> {
                 );
                 kind
             }
-            Some('`') if self.mode != LexMode::Math => return self.raw(),
+            Some('`') if self.mode != SyntaxMode::Math => return self.raw(),
             Some(c) => match self.mode {
-                LexMode::Markup => self.markup(start, c),
+                SyntaxMode::Markup => self.markup(start, c),
-                LexMode::Math => match self.math(start, c) {
+                SyntaxMode::Math => match self.math(start, c) {
                     (kind, None) => kind,
                     (kind, Some(node)) => return (kind, node),
                 },
-                LexMode::Code => self.code(start, c),
+                SyntaxMode::Code => self.code(start, c),
             },
 
             None => SyntaxKind::End,
@@ -145,7 +134,7 @@ impl Lexer<'_> {
         };
 
         self.newline = newlines > 0;
-        if self.mode == LexMode::Markup && newlines >= 2 {
+        if self.mode == SyntaxMode::Markup && newlines >= 2 {
             SyntaxKind::Parbreak
         } else {
             SyntaxKind::Space
@@ -196,7 +185,7 @@ impl Lexer<'_> {
             'h' if self.s.eat_if("ttp://") => self.link(),
             'h' if self.s.eat_if("ttps://") => self.link(),
             '<' if self.s.at(is_id_continue) => self.label(),
-            '@' => self.ref_marker(),
+            '@' if self.s.at(is_id_continue) => self.ref_marker(),
 
             '.' if self.s.eat_if("..") => SyntaxKind::Shorthand,
             '-' if self.s.eat_if("--") => SyntaxKind::Shorthand,
@@ -965,9 +954,9 @@ impl ScannerExt for Scanner<'_> {
 
 /// Whether a character will become a [`SyntaxKind::Space`] token.
 #[inline]
-fn is_space(character: char, mode: LexMode) -> bool {
+fn is_space(character: char, mode: SyntaxMode) -> bool {
     match mode {
-        LexMode::Markup => matches!(character, ' ' | '\t') || is_newline(character),
+        SyntaxMode::Markup => matches!(character, ' ' | '\t') || is_newline(character),
         _ => character.is_whitespace(),
     }
 }

crates/typst-syntax/src/lib.rs

@@ -30,5 +30,16 @@ pub use self::path::VirtualPath;
 pub use self::source::Source;
 pub use self::span::{Span, Spanned};
 
-use self::lexer::{LexMode, Lexer};
+use self::lexer::Lexer;
 use self::parser::{reparse_block, reparse_markup};
+
+/// The syntax mode of a portion of Typst code.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub enum SyntaxMode {
+    /// Text and markup, as in the top level.
+    Markup,
+    /// Math atoms, operators, etc., as in equations.
+    Math,
+    /// Keywords, literals and operators, as after hashes.
+    Code,
+}

crates/typst-syntax/src/parser.rs

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ use typst_utils::default_math_class;
 use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
 
 use crate::set::{syntax_set, SyntaxSet};
-use crate::{ast, set, LexMode, Lexer, SyntaxError, SyntaxKind, SyntaxNode};
+use crate::{ast, set, Lexer, SyntaxError, SyntaxKind, SyntaxMode, SyntaxNode};
 
 /// Parses a source file as top-level markup.
 pub fn parse(text: &str) -> SyntaxNode {
     let _scope = typst_timing::TimingScope::new("parse");
-    let mut p = Parser::new(text, 0, LexMode::Markup);
+    let mut p = Parser::new(text, 0, SyntaxMode::Markup);
     markup_exprs(&mut p, true, syntax_set!(End));
     p.finish_into(SyntaxKind::Markup)
 }
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn parse(text: &str) -> SyntaxNode {
 /// Parses top-level code.
 pub fn parse_code(text: &str) -> SyntaxNode {
     let _scope = typst_timing::TimingScope::new("parse code");
-    let mut p = Parser::new(text, 0, LexMode::Code);
+    let mut p = Parser::new(text, 0, SyntaxMode::Code);
     code_exprs(&mut p, syntax_set!(End));
     p.finish_into(SyntaxKind::Code)
 }
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn parse_code(text: &str) -> SyntaxNode {
 /// Parses top-level math.
 pub fn parse_math(text: &str) -> SyntaxNode {
     let _scope = typst_timing::TimingScope::new("parse math");
-    let mut p = Parser::new(text, 0, LexMode::Math);
+    let mut p = Parser::new(text, 0, SyntaxMode::Math);
     math_exprs(&mut p, syntax_set!(End));
     p.finish_into(SyntaxKind::Math)
 }
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub(super) fn reparse_markup(
     nesting: &mut usize,
     top_level: bool,
 ) -> Option<Vec<SyntaxNode>> {
-    let mut p = Parser::new(text, range.start, LexMode::Markup);
+    let mut p = Parser::new(text, range.start, SyntaxMode::Markup);
     *at_start |= p.had_newline();
     while !p.end() && p.current_start() < range.end {
         // If not top-level and at a new RightBracket, stop the reparse.
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ fn reference(p: &mut Parser) {
 /// Parses a mathematical equation: `$x$`, `$ x^2 $`.
 fn equation(p: &mut Parser) {
     let m = p.marker();
-    p.enter_modes(LexMode::Math, AtNewline::Continue, |p| {
+    p.enter_modes(SyntaxMode::Math, AtNewline::Continue, |p| {
         p.assert(SyntaxKind::Dollar);
         math(p, syntax_set!(Dollar, End));
         p.expect_closing_delimiter(m, SyntaxKind::Dollar);
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ fn code_exprs(p: &mut Parser, stop_set: SyntaxSet) {
 
 /// Parses an atomic code expression embedded in markup or math.
 fn embedded_code_expr(p: &mut Parser) {
-    p.enter_modes(LexMode::Code, AtNewline::Stop, |p| {
+    p.enter_modes(SyntaxMode::Code, AtNewline::Stop, |p| {
         p.assert(SyntaxKind::Hash);
         if p.had_trivia() || p.end() {
             p.expected("expression");
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ fn code_primary(p: &mut Parser, atomic: bool) {
 
 /// Reparses a full content or code block.
 pub(super) fn reparse_block(text: &str, range: Range<usize>) -> Option<SyntaxNode> {
-    let mut p = Parser::new(text, range.start, LexMode::Code);
+    let mut p = Parser::new(text, range.start, SyntaxMode::Code);
     assert!(p.at(SyntaxKind::LeftBracket) || p.at(SyntaxKind::LeftBrace));
     block(&mut p);
     (p.balanced && p.prev_end() == range.end)
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ fn block(p: &mut Parser) {
 /// Parses a code block: `{ let x = 1; x + 2 }`.
 fn code_block(p: &mut Parser) {
     let m = p.marker();
-    p.enter_modes(LexMode::Code, AtNewline::Continue, |p| {
+    p.enter_modes(SyntaxMode::Code, AtNewline::Continue, |p| {
         p.assert(SyntaxKind::LeftBrace);
         code(p, syntax_set!(RightBrace, RightBracket, RightParen, End));
         p.expect_closing_delimiter(m, SyntaxKind::RightBrace);
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ fn code_block(p: &mut Parser) {
 /// Parses a content block: `[*Hi* there!]`.
 fn content_block(p: &mut Parser) {
     let m = p.marker();
-    p.enter_modes(LexMode::Markup, AtNewline::Continue, |p| {
+    p.enter_modes(SyntaxMode::Markup, AtNewline::Continue, |p| {
         p.assert(SyntaxKind::LeftBracket);
         markup(p, true, true, syntax_set!(RightBracket, End));
         p.expect_closing_delimiter(m, SyntaxKind::RightBracket);
@@ -1516,10 +1516,10 @@ fn pattern_leaf<'s>(
 /// ### Modes
 ///
 /// The parser manages the transitions between the three modes of Typst through
-/// [lexer modes](`LexMode`) and [newline modes](`AtNewline`).
+/// [syntax modes](`SyntaxMode`) and [newline modes](`AtNewline`).
 ///
-/// The lexer modes map to the three Typst modes and are stored in the lexer,
+/// The syntax modes map to the three Typst modes and are stored in the lexer,
-/// changing which`SyntaxKind`s it will generate.
+/// changing which `SyntaxKind`s it will generate.
 ///
 /// The newline mode is used to determine whether a newline should end the
 /// current expression. If so, the parser temporarily changes `token`'s kind to
@@ -1529,7 +1529,7 @@ struct Parser<'s> {
     /// The source text shared with the lexer.
     text: &'s str,
     /// A lexer over the source text with multiple modes. Defines the boundaries
-    /// of tokens and determines their [`SyntaxKind`]. Contains the [`LexMode`]
+    /// of tokens and determines their [`SyntaxKind`]. Contains the [`SyntaxMode`]
     /// defining our current Typst mode.
     lexer: Lexer<'s>,
     /// The newline mode: whether to insert a temporary end at newlines.
@@ -1612,7 +1612,7 @@ impl AtNewline {
             AtNewline::RequireColumn(min_col) => {
                 // When the column is `None`, the newline doesn't start a
                 // column, and we continue parsing. This may happen on the
-                // boundary of lexer modes, since we only report a column in
+                // boundary of syntax modes, since we only report a column in
                 // Markup.
                 column.is_some_and(|column| column <= min_col)
             }
@@ -1643,8 +1643,8 @@ impl IndexMut<Marker> for Parser<'_> {
 
 /// Creating/Consuming the parser and getting info about the current token.
 impl<'s> Parser<'s> {
-    /// Create a new parser starting from the given text offset and lexer mode.
+    /// Create a new parser starting from the given text offset and syntax mode.
-    fn new(text: &'s str, offset: usize, mode: LexMode) -> Self {
+    fn new(text: &'s str, offset: usize, mode: SyntaxMode) -> Self {
         let mut lexer = Lexer::new(text, mode);
         lexer.jump(offset);
         let nl_mode = AtNewline::Continue;
@@ -1825,13 +1825,13 @@ impl<'s> Parser<'s> {
         self.nodes.insert(from, SyntaxNode::inner(kind, children));
     }
 
-    /// Parse within the [`LexMode`] for subsequent tokens (does not change the
+    /// Parse within the [`SyntaxMode`] for subsequent tokens (does not change the
     /// current token). This may re-lex the final token on exit.
     ///
     /// This function effectively repurposes the call stack as a stack of modes.
     fn enter_modes(
         &mut self,
-        mode: LexMode,
+        mode: SyntaxMode,
         stop: AtNewline,
         func: impl FnOnce(&mut Parser<'s>),
     ) {
@@ -1891,7 +1891,8 @@ impl<'s> Parser<'s> {
         }
 
         let newline = if had_newline {
-            let column = (lexer.mode() == LexMode::Markup).then(|| lexer.column(start));
+            let column =
+                (lexer.mode() == SyntaxMode::Markup).then(|| lexer.column(start));
             let newline = Newline { column, parbreak };
             if nl_mode.stop_at(newline, kind) {
                 // Insert a temporary `SyntaxKind::End` to halt the parser.
@@ -1938,7 +1939,7 @@ struct Checkpoint {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct PartialState {
     cursor: usize,
-    lex_mode: LexMode,
+    lex_mode: SyntaxMode,
     token: Token,
 }
 

crates/typst-utils/src/lib.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub use self::scalar::Scalar;
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub use once_cell;
 
-use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter};
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::iter::{Chain, Flatten, Rev};
 use std::num::{NonZeroU32, NonZeroUsize};
@@ -52,6 +52,25 @@ where
     Wrapper(f)
 }
 
+/// Turn a closure into a struct implementing [`Display`].
+pub fn display<F>(f: F) -> impl Display
+where
+    F: Fn(&mut Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result,
+{
+    struct Wrapper<F>(F);
+
+    impl<F> Display for Wrapper<F>
+    where
+        F: Fn(&mut Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result,
+    {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            self.0(f)
+        }
+    }
+
+    Wrapper(f)
+}
+
 /// Calculate a 128-bit siphash of a value.
 pub fn hash128<T: Hash + ?Sized>(value: &T) -> u128 {
     let mut state = SipHasher13::new();

crates/typst-utils/src/pico.rs

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl PicoStr {
     pub const fn constant(string: &'static str) -> PicoStr {
         match PicoStr::try_constant(string) {
             Ok(value) => value,
-            Err(err) => panic!("{}", err.message()),
+            Err(err) => failed_to_compile_time_intern(err, string),
         }
     }
 
@@ -190,15 +190,9 @@ mod bitcode {
     impl EncodingError {
         pub const fn message(&self) -> &'static str {
             match self {
-                Self::TooLong => {
+                Self::TooLong => "the maximum auto-internible string length is 12",
-                    "the maximum auto-internible string length is 12. \
-                     you can add an exception to typst-utils/src/pico.rs \
-                     to intern longer strings."
-                }
                 Self::BadChar => {
-                    "can only auto-intern the chars 'a'-'z', '1'-'4', and '-'. \
+                    "can only auto-intern the chars 'a'-'z', '1'-'4', and '-'"
-                     you can add an exception to typst-utils/src/pico.rs \
-                     to intern other strings."
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -210,18 +204,70 @@ mod exceptions {
     use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
     /// A global list of non-bitcode-encodable compile-time internible strings.
+    ///
+    /// Must be sorted.
     pub const LIST: &[&str] = &[
+        "accept-charset",
+        "allowfullscreen",
+        "aria-activedescendant",
+        "aria-autocomplete",
+        "aria-colcount",
+        "aria-colindex",
+        "aria-controls",
+        "aria-describedby",
+        "aria-disabled",
+        "aria-dropeffect",
+        "aria-errormessage",
+        "aria-expanded",
+        "aria-haspopup",
+        "aria-keyshortcuts",
+        "aria-labelledby",
+        "aria-multiline",
+        "aria-multiselectable",
+        "aria-orientation",
+        "aria-placeholder",
+        "aria-posinset",
+        "aria-readonly",
+        "aria-relevant",
+        "aria-required",
+        "aria-roledescription",
+        "aria-rowcount",
+        "aria-rowindex",
+        "aria-selected",
+        "aria-valuemax",
+        "aria-valuemin",
+        "aria-valuenow",
+        "aria-valuetext",
+        "autocapitalize",
         "cjk-latin-spacing",
+        "contenteditable",
         "discretionary-ligatures",
+        "fetchpriority",
+        "formnovalidate",
         "h5",
         "h6",
         "historical-ligatures",
         "number-clearance",
         "number-margin",
         "numbering-scope",
+        "onbeforeprint",
+        "onbeforeunload",
+        "onlanguagechange",
+        "onmessageerror",
+        "onrejectionhandled",
+        "onunhandledrejection",
         "page-numbering",
         "par-line-marker",
+        "popovertarget",
+        "popovertargetaction",
+        "referrerpolicy",
+        "shadowrootclonable",
+        "shadowrootcustomelementregistry",
+        "shadowrootdelegatesfocus",
+        "shadowrootmode",
+        "shadowrootserializable",
         "transparentize",
+        "writingsuggestions",
     ];
 
     /// Try to find the index of an exception if it exists.
@@ -356,6 +402,39 @@ impl Hash for ResolvedPicoStr {
     }
 }
 
+/// The error when a string could not be interned at compile time. Because the
+/// normal formatting machinery is not available at compile time, just producing
+/// the message is a bit involved ...
+#[track_caller]
+const fn failed_to_compile_time_intern(
+    error: bitcode::EncodingError,
+    string: &'static str,
+) -> ! {
+    const CAPACITY: usize = 512;
+    const fn push((buf, i): &mut ([u8; CAPACITY], usize), s: &str) {
+        let mut k = 0;
+        while k < s.len() && *i < buf.len() {
+            buf[*i] = s.as_bytes()[k];
+            k += 1;
+            *i += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut dest = ([0; CAPACITY], 0);
+    push(&mut dest, "failed to compile-time intern string \"");
+    push(&mut dest, string);
+    push(&mut dest, "\". ");
+    push(&mut dest, error.message());
+    push(&mut dest, ". you can add an exception to ");
+    push(&mut dest, file!());
+    push(&mut dest, " to intern longer strings.");
+
+    let (slice, _) = dest.0.split_at(dest.1);
+    let Ok(message) = std::str::from_utf8(slice) else { panic!() };
+
+    panic!("{}", message);
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;

docs/changelog/0.9.0.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ description: Changes in Typst 0.9.0
 - Added [`full`]($bibliography.full) argument to bibliography function to print
   the full bibliography even if not all works were cited
 - Bibliography entries can now contain Typst equations (wrapped in `[$..$]` just
-  like in markup), this works both for `.yml` and `.bib` bibliographies
+  like in markup), this works both for `.yaml` and `.bib` bibliographies
 - The hayagriva YAML format was improved. See its
   [changelog](https://github.com/typst/hayagriva/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md) for
   more details. **(Breaking change)**

docs/guides/guide-for-latex-users.md

@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ In Typst, the same function can be used both to affect the appearance for the
 remainder of the document, a block (or scope), or just its arguments. For
 example, `[#text(weight: "bold")[bold text]]` will only embolden its argument,
 while `[#set text(weight: "bold")]` will embolden any text until the end of the
-current block, or, if there is none, document. The effects of a function are
+current block, or the end of the document, if there is none. The effects of a
-immediately obvious based on whether it is used in a call or a
+function are immediately obvious based on whether it is used in a call or a
 [set rule.]($styling/#set-rules)
 
 ```example

docs/guides/page-setup.md

@@ -206,7 +206,6 @@ label exists on the current page:
 ```typ
 >>> #set page("a5", margin: (x: 2.5cm, y: 3cm))
 #set page(header: context {
-  let page-counter =
   let matches = query(<big-table>)
   let current = counter(page).get()
   let has-table = matches.any(m =>
@@ -218,7 +217,7 @@ label exists on the current page:
     #h(1fr)
     National Academy of Sciences
   ]
-}))
+})
 
 #lorem(100)
 #pagebreak()

docs/reference/groups.yml

@@ -137,6 +137,55 @@
     In addition to the functions listed below, the `calc` module also defines
     the constants `pi`, `tau`, `e`, and `inf`.
 
+- name: std
+  title: Standard library
+  category: foundations
+  path: ["std"]
+  details: |
+    A module that contains all globally accessible items.
+
+    # Using "shadowed" definitions
+    The `std` module is useful whenever you overrode a name from the global
+    scope (this is called _shadowing_). For instance, you might have used the
+    name `text` for a parameter. To still access the `text` element, write
+    `std.text`.
+
+    ```example
+    >>> #set page(margin: (left: 3em))
+    #let par = [My special paragraph.]
+    #let special(text) = {
+      set std.text(style: "italic")
+      set std.par.line(numbering: "1")
+      text
+    }
+
+    #special(par)
+
+    #lorem(10)
+    ```
+
+    # Conditional access
+    You can also use this in combination with the [dictionary
+    constructor]($dictionary) to conditionally access global definitions. This
+    can, for instance, be useful to use new or experimental functionality when
+    it is available, while falling back to an alternative implementation if
+    used on an older Typst version. In particular, this allows us to create
+    [polyfills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyfill_(programming)).
+
+    This can be as simple as creating an alias to prevent warning messages, for
+    example, conditionally using `pattern` in Typst version 0.12, but using
+    [`tiling`] in newer versions. Since the parameters accepted by the `tiling`
+    function match those of the older `pattern` function, using the `tiling`
+    function when available and falling back to `pattern` otherwise will unify
+    the usage across all versions. Note that, when creating a polyfill,
+    [`sys.version`]($category/foundations/sys) can also be very useful.
+
+    ```typ
+    #let tiling = if "tiling" in std { tiling } else { pattern }
+
+    ...
+    ```
+
 - name: sys
   title: System
   category: foundations

docs/src/lib.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ static GROUPS: LazyLock<Vec<GroupData>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
     let mut groups: Vec<GroupData> =
         yaml::from_str(load!("reference/groups.yml")).unwrap();
     for group in &mut groups {
-        if group.filter.is_empty() {
+        if group.filter.is_empty() && group.name != "std" {
             group.filter = group
                 .module()
                 .scope()
@@ -720,18 +720,12 @@ fn symbols_model(resolver: &dyn Resolver, group: &GroupData) -> SymbolsModel {
             }
         };
 
-        for (variant, c) in symbol.variants() {
+        for (variant, c, deprecation) in symbol.variants() {
             let shorthand = |list: &[(&'static str, char)]| {
                 list.iter().copied().find(|&(_, x)| x == c).map(|(s, _)| s)
             };
 
             let name = complete(variant);
-            let deprecation = match name.as_str() {
-                "integral.sect" => {
-                    Some("`integral.sect` is deprecated, use `integral.inter` instead")
-                }
-                _ => binding.deprecation(),
-            };
 
             list.push(SymbolModel {
                 name,
@@ -742,10 +736,10 @@ fn symbols_model(resolver: &dyn Resolver, group: &GroupData) -> SymbolsModel {
                 accent: typst::math::Accent::combine(c).is_some(),
                 alternates: symbol
                     .variants()
-                    .filter(|(other, _)| other != &variant)
+                    .filter(|(other, _, _)| other != &variant)
-                    .map(|(other, _)| complete(other))
+                    .map(|(other, _, _)| complete(other))
                     .collect(),
-                deprecation,
+                deprecation: deprecation.or_else(|| binding.deprecation()),
             });
         }
     }

tests/ref/html/html-deco.html

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <p><s>Struck</s> <mark>Highlighted</mark> <span style="text-decoration: underline">Underlined</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">Overlined</span></p>
+    <p><span style="text-decoration: overline"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><mark><s>Mixed</s></mark></span></span></p>
+  </body>
+</html>

tests/ref/html/html-escapable-raw-text-contains-closing-tag.html

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+  </head>
+  <body><textarea>hello &lt;/textarea></textarea></body>
+</html>

tests/ref/html/html-pre-starting-with-newline.html

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <pre>hello</pre>
+    <pre>
+
+hello</pre>
+    <pre>
+
+
+hello</pre>
+  </body>
+</html>

tests/ref/html/html-script.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <script>
+      const x = 1
+      const y = 2
+      console.log(x < y, Math.max(1, 2))
+    </script>
+    <script>
+console.log(`Hello
+World`)
+    </script>
+    <script type="text/python">x = 1
+y = 2
+print(x < y, max(x, y))</script>
+  </body>
+</html>

tests/ref/html/html-style.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <style>
+      body {
+        text: red;
+      }
+    </style>
+  </body>
+</html>

tests/ref/html/html-textarea-starting-with-newline.html

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+  </head>
+  <body><textarea>
+
+enter</textarea></body>
+</html>

tests/ref/html/html-typed.html

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="hi"></div>
+    <div aria-autocomplete="none"></div>
+    <div aria-expanded="undefined"></div>
+    <link referrerpolicy>
+    <div></div>
+    <div autofocus></div>
+    <div></div>
+    <div hidden></div>
+    <div aria-atomic="false"></div>
+    <div aria-atomic="true"></div>
+    <div translate="no"></div>
+    <div translate="yes"></div>
+    <form autocomplete="off"></form>
+    <form autocomplete="on"></form>
+    <div accesskey="K"></div>
+    <div aria-colcount="2"></div>
+    <object width="120" height="10"></object>
+    <td rowspan="2"></td>
+    <meter low="3.4" high="7.9"></meter>
+    <div class="alpha"></div>
+    <div class="alpha beta"></div>
+    <div class="alpha beta"></div>
+    <div><input accept="image/jpeg"></div>
+    <div><input accept="image/jpeg, image/png"></div>
+    <div><input accept="image/jpeg, image/png"></div>
+    <area coords="2.3, 4, 5.6">
+    <link color="#ff4136">
+    <link color="rgb(100% 32.94% 29.06%)">
+    <link color="rgb(50% 50% 50%)">
+    <link color="#958677">
+    <link color="oklab(27% 0.08 -0.012 / 50%)">
+    <link color="color(srgb-linear 20% 30% 40% / 50%)">
+    <link color="hsl(20deg 10% 20%)">
+    <link color="hsl(30deg 11.11% 27%)">
+    <div><time datetime="3w 4s"></time></div>
+    <div><time datetime="1d 4m"></time></div>
+    <div><time datetime="0s"></time></div>
+    <div><time datetime="2005-07-10"></time></div>
+    <div><time datetime="0000-02-01"></time></div>
+    <div><time datetime="06:30"></time></div>
+    <div><time datetime="0000-02-01T11:11"></time></div>
+    <div><time datetime="0000-02-01T06:00:09"></time></div>
+    <div dir="ltr">RTL</div>
+    <img src="image.png" alt="My wonderful image" srcset="/image-120px.png 120w, /image-60px.png 60w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 400pt, (min-width: 400px) 250pt">
+    <form enctype="text/plain"></form>
+    <form role="complementary"></form>
+    <div hidden="until-found"></div>
+    <div aria-checked="false"></div>
+    <div aria-checked="true"></div>
+    <div aria-checked="mixed"></div>
+    <div><input value="5.6"></div>
+    <div><input value="#ff4136"></div>
+    <div><input min="3" max="9"></div>
+    <link rel="icon" sizes="32x24 64x48">
+  </body>
+</html>

tests/src/run.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use ecow::eco_vec;
 use tiny_skia as sk;
-use typst::diag::{SourceDiagnostic, Warned};
+use typst::diag::{SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult, Warned};
 use typst::html::HtmlDocument;
 use typst::layout::{Abs, Frame, FrameItem, PagedDocument, Transform};
 use typst::visualize::Color;
@@ -82,17 +82,26 @@ impl<'a> Runner<'a> {
     /// Run test specific to document format.
     fn run_test<D: OutputType>(&mut self) {
         let Warned { output, warnings } = typst::compile(&self.world);
-        let (doc, errors) = match output {
+        let (doc, mut errors) = match output {
             Ok(doc) => (Some(doc), eco_vec![]),
             Err(errors) => (None, errors),
         };
 
-        if doc.is_none() && errors.is_empty() {
+        D::check_custom(self, doc.as_ref());
+
+        let output = doc.and_then(|doc: D| match doc.make_live() {
+            Ok(live) => Some((doc, live)),
+            Err(list) => {
+                errors.extend(list);
+                None
+            }
+        });
+
+        if output.is_none() && errors.is_empty() {
             log!(self, "no document, but also no errors");
         }
 
-        D::check_custom(self, doc.as_ref());
+        self.check_output(output);
-        self.check_output(doc.as_ref());
 
         for error in &errors {
             self.check_diagnostic(NoteKind::Error, error);
@@ -128,12 +137,12 @@ impl<'a> Runner<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Check that the document output is correct.
-    fn check_output<D: OutputType>(&mut self, document: Option<&D>) {
+    fn check_output<D: OutputType>(&mut self, output: Option<(D, D::Live)>) {
         let live_path = D::live_path(&self.test.name);
         let ref_path = D::ref_path(&self.test.name);
         let ref_data = std::fs::read(&ref_path);
 
-        let Some(document) = document else {
+        let Some((document, live)) = output else {
             if ref_data.is_ok() {
                 log!(self, "missing document");
                 log!(self, "  ref       | {}", ref_path.display());
@@ -141,7 +150,7 @@ impl<'a> Runner<'a> {
             return;
         };
 
-        let skippable = match D::is_skippable(document) {
+        let skippable = match D::is_skippable(&document) {
             Ok(skippable) => skippable,
             Err(()) => {
                 log!(self, "document has zero pages");
@@ -157,7 +166,6 @@ impl<'a> Runner<'a> {
         }
 
         // Render and save live version.
-        let live = document.make_live();
         document.save_live(&self.test.name, &live);
 
         // Compare against reference output if available.
@@ -214,9 +222,13 @@ impl<'a> Runner<'a> {
             return;
         }
 
-        let message = diag.message.replace("\\", "/");
+        let message = if diag.message.contains("\\u{") {
+            &diag.message
+        } else {
+            &diag.message.replace("\\", "/")
+        };
         let range = self.world.range(diag.span);
-        self.validate_note(kind, diag.span.id(), range.clone(), &message);
+        self.validate_note(kind, diag.span.id(), range.clone(), message);
 
         // Check hints.
         for hint in &diag.hints {
@@ -359,7 +371,7 @@ trait OutputType: Document {
     }
 
     /// Produces the live output.
-    fn make_live(&self) -> Self::Live;
+    fn make_live(&self) -> SourceResult<Self::Live>;
 
     /// Saves the live output.
     fn save_live(&self, name: &str, live: &Self::Live);
@@ -406,8 +418,8 @@ impl OutputType for PagedDocument {
         }
     }
 
-    fn make_live(&self) -> Self::Live {
+    fn make_live(&self) -> SourceResult<Self::Live> {
-        render(self, 1.0)
+        Ok(render(self, 1.0))
     }
 
     fn save_live(&self, name: &str, live: &Self::Live) {
@@ -471,9 +483,8 @@ impl OutputType for HtmlDocument {
         format!("{}/html/{}.html", crate::REF_PATH, name).into()
     }
 
-    fn make_live(&self) -> Self::Live {
+    fn make_live(&self) -> SourceResult<Self::Live> {
-        // TODO: Do this earlier to be able to process export errors.
+        typst_html::html(self)
-        typst_html::html(self).unwrap()
     }
 
     fn save_live(&self, name: &str, live: &Self::Live) {

tests/suite/foundations/label.typ

@@ -92,3 +92,7 @@ _Visible_
 --- label-non-existent-error ---
 // Error: 5-10 sequence does not have field "label"
 #[].label
+
+--- label-empty ---
+// Error: 23-32 label name must not be empty
+= Something to label #label("")

tests/suite/html/frame.typ

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// No proper HTML tests here yet because we don't want to test SVG export just
+// yet. We'll definitely add tests at some point.
+
+--- html-frame-in-layout ---
+// Ensure that HTML frames are transparent in layout. This is less important for
+// actual paged export than for _nested_ HTML frames, which take the same code
+// path.
+#html.frame[A]