diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/krilla.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/krilla.rs
index cb1dbb4b9..34e2b193c 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/krilla.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/krilla.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::page::PageLabelExt;
 use crate::shape::handle_shape;
 use crate::text::handle_text;
 use crate::util::{convert_path, display_font, AbsExt, TransformExt};
-use crate::{paint, PdfOptions};
+use crate::PdfOptions;
 use krilla::destination::{NamedDestination, XyzDestination};
 use krilla::error::KrillaError;
 use krilla::page::PageLabel;
@@ -24,19 +24,20 @@ use typst_library::layout::{
 };
 use typst_library::model::HeadingElem;
 use typst_library::text::{Font, Lang};
-use typst_library::visualize::{Geometry, Paint, Shape};
+use typst_library::visualize::{Geometry, Paint};
 use typst_syntax::Span;
 
+/// A state allowing us to keep track of transforms and container sizes,
+/// which is mainly needed to resolve gradients and patterns correctly.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct State {
+    pub(crate) transform: Transform,
     /// The full transform chain
     transform_chain: Transform,
-    /// The transform of the current item.
-    pub(crate) transform: Transform,
     /// The transform of first hard frame in the hierarchy.
     container_transform_chain: Transform,
     /// The size of the first hard frame in the hierarchy.
-    size: Size,
+    container_size: Size,
 }
 
 impl State {
@@ -50,29 +51,26 @@ impl State {
             transform_chain,
             transform: Transform::identity(),
             container_transform_chain,
-            size,
+            container_size: size,
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn size(&mut self, size: Size) {
-        self.size = size;
+    pub(crate) fn register_container(&mut self, size: Size) {
+        self.container_transform_chain = self.transform_chain;
+        self.container_size = size;
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn transform(&mut self, transform: Transform) {
+    pub(crate) fn pre_concat(&mut self, transform: Transform) {
         self.transform = self.transform.pre_concat(transform);
         self.transform_chain = self.transform_chain.pre_concat(transform);
     }
 
-    fn set_container_transform(&mut self) {
-        self.container_transform_chain = self.transform_chain;
-    }
-
     /// Creates the [`Transforms`] structure for the current item.
     pub(crate) fn transforms(&self, size: Size) -> Transforms {
         Transforms {
             transform_chain_: self.transform_chain,
             container_transform_chain: self.container_transform_chain,
-            container_size: self.size,
+            container_size: self.container_size,
             size,
         }
     }
@@ -296,8 +294,7 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_frame(
     fc.push();
 
     if frame.kind().is_hard() {
-        fc.state_mut().set_container_transform();
-        fc.state_mut().size(frame.size());
+        fc.state_mut().register_container(frame.size());
     }
 
     if let Some(fill) = fill {
@@ -307,7 +304,7 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_frame(
 
     for (point, item) in frame.items() {
         fc.push();
-        fc.state_mut().transform(Transform::translate(point.x, point.y));
+        fc.state_mut().pre_concat(Transform::translate(point.x, point.y));
 
         match item {
             FrameItem::Group(g) => handle_group(fc, g, surface, gc)?,
@@ -335,7 +332,7 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_group(
     context: &mut GlobalContext,
 ) -> SourceResult<()> {
     fc.push();
-    fc.state_mut().transform(group.transform);
+    fc.state_mut().pre_concat(group.transform);
 
     let clip_path = group
         .clip_path
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/paint.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/paint.rs
index cc0cdf71a..41f6ba6ae 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/paint.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/paint.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use typst_library::visualize::{
 };
 use typst_utils::Numeric;
 
-pub(crate) fn fill(
+pub(crate) fn convert_fill(
     gc: &mut GlobalContext,
     paint_: &Paint,
     fill_rule_: FillRule,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub(crate) fn fill(
     surface: &mut Surface,
     transforms: Transforms,
 ) -> SourceResult<krilla::path::Fill> {
-    let (paint, opacity) = paint(gc, paint_, on_text, surface, transforms)?;
+    let (paint, opacity) = convert_paint(gc, paint_, on_text, surface, transforms)?;
 
     Ok(krilla::path::Fill {
         paint,
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ pub(crate) fn fill(
     })
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn stroke(
+pub(crate) fn convert_stroke(
     fc: &mut GlobalContext,
     stroke: &FixedStroke,
     on_text: bool,
     surface: &mut Surface,
     transforms: Transforms,
 ) -> SourceResult<krilla::path::Stroke> {
-    let (paint, opacity) = paint(fc, &stroke.paint, on_text, surface, transforms)?;
+    let (paint, opacity) = convert_paint(fc, &stroke.paint, on_text, surface, transforms)?;
 
     Ok(krilla::path::Stroke {
         paint,
@@ -46,18 +46,18 @@ pub(crate) fn stroke(
         line_join: stroke.join.to_krilla(),
         line_cap: stroke.cap.to_krilla(),
         opacity: NormalizedF32::new(opacity as f32 / 255.0).unwrap(),
-        dash: stroke.dash.as_ref().map(|d| dash(d)),
+        dash: stroke.dash.as_ref().map(|d| convert_dash(d)),
     })
 }
 
-fn dash(dash: &DashPattern<Abs, Abs>) -> krilla::path::StrokeDash {
+fn convert_dash(dash: &DashPattern<Abs, Abs>) -> krilla::path::StrokeDash {
     krilla::path::StrokeDash {
         array: dash.array.iter().map(|e| e.to_f32()).collect(),
         offset: dash.phase.to_f32(),
     }
 }
 
-fn paint(
+fn convert_paint(
     gc: &mut GlobalContext,
     paint: &Paint,
     on_text: bool,
@@ -65,40 +65,41 @@ fn paint(
     transforms: Transforms,
 ) -> SourceResult<(krilla::paint::Paint, u8)> {
     match paint {
-        Paint::Solid(c) => {
-            let (p, alpha) = match c.space() {
-                ColorSpace::D65Gray => {
-                    let components = c.to_vec4_u8();
-                    (krilla::color::luma::Color::new(components[0]).into(), components[3])
-                }
-                ColorSpace::Cmyk => {
-                    let components = c.to_vec4_u8();
-                    (
-                        krilla::color::cmyk::Color::new(
-                            components[0],
-                            components[1],
-                            components[2],
-                            components[3],
-                        )
-                        .into(),
-                        // Typst doesn't support alpha on CMYK colors.
-                        255,
-                    )
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    let (c, a) = c.to_krilla_rgb();
-                    (c.into(), a)
-                }
-            };
-
-            Ok((p, alpha))
-        }
+        Paint::Solid(c) => Ok(convert_solid(c)),
         Paint::Gradient(g) => Ok(convert_gradient(g, on_text, transforms)),
         Paint::Tiling(p) => convert_pattern(gc, p, on_text, surface, transforms),
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn convert_pattern(
+fn convert_solid(color: &Color) -> (krilla::paint::Paint, u8) {
+    match color.space() {
+        ColorSpace::D65Gray => {
+            let components = color.to_vec4_u8();
+            (krilla::color::luma::Color::new(components[0]).into(), components[3])
+        }
+        ColorSpace::Cmyk => {
+            let components = color.to_vec4_u8();
+            (
+                krilla::color::cmyk::Color::new(
+                    components[0],
+                    components[1],
+                    components[2],
+                    components[3],
+                )
+                    .into(),
+                // Typst doesn't support alpha on CMYK colors.
+                255,
+            )
+        }
+        // Convert all remaining colors into RGB
+        _ => {
+            let (c, a) = color.to_krilla_rgb();
+            (c.into(), a)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn convert_pattern(
     gc: &mut GlobalContext,
     pattern: &Tiling,
     on_text: bool,
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/shape.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/shape.rs
index 9c269f8d5..9a9c9878c 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/shape.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/shape.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_shape(
 
     if let Some(path) = convert_geometry(&shape.geometry) {
         if let Some(paint) = &shape.fill {
-            let fill = paint::fill(
+            let fill = paint::convert_fill(
                 gc,
                 &paint,
                 shape.fill_rule,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_shape(
         });
 
         if let Some(stroke) = &stroke {
-            let stroke = paint::stroke(
+            let stroke = paint::convert_stroke(
                 gc,
                 stroke,
                 false,
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/text.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/text.rs
index 32096e761..98fa37d8d 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/text.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/text.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_text(
     *gc.languages.entry(t.lang).or_insert(0) += t.glyphs.len();
 
     let font = convert_font(gc, t.font.clone())?;
-    let fill = paint::fill(
+    let fill = paint::convert_fill(
         gc,
         &t.fill,
         FillRule::NonZero,
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_text(
     if let Some(stroke) = t
         .stroke
         .as_ref()
-        .map(|s| paint::stroke(gc, s, true, surface, fc.state().transforms(Size::zero())))
+        .map(|s| paint::convert_stroke(gc, s, true, surface, fc.state().transforms(Size::zero())))
     {
         let stroke = stroke?;